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Unit 1 Exam
Experimental design, carbon, and biochemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Science | A way to think; a body of knowledge to give the best current explanation for why things happen the way they do |
| What are the 6 major elements that make up over 95% of living matter? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfer |
| Proton | a subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge |
| Electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be either bound to an atom or free (not bound) |
| Mass number | upper number; the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| isotope | one of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass |
| Ion | atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus differing in electric charge |
| compound | any substance composed of identical molecules consisting of atoms of two or more chemical elements |
| molecule | A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| covalent bond | a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
| hydrogen bond | a non covalent attraction between a hydrogen and electronegative atom |
| Van Der Waals forces | weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges |
| dehydration synthesis | The process of combination of two molecules with the elimination of water molecules |
| hydrolysis | the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water |
| functional groups in amino acids | amino group and a carboxyl group |
| Carbon characteristics (3) | valence of 4, can form 4 bonds, forms covalent bonds |
| protein elements | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| protein purpose | They act as enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions, provide structural support, regulate the passage of substances across the cell membrane, protect against disease, and coordinate cell signaling pathways |
| carbohydrate elements | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| functional groups in carbohydrates | hydroxyl |
| carbohydrate purpose | short term energy storage and structure |
| what are proteins joined by? | peptide bonds |
| carbohydrates examples | sugars and starches |
| sucrose | glucose and fructose |
| lactose | galactose and glucose |
| maltose | glucose and glucose |
| lipids | fats, oils and waxes |
| lipid elements | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipid purpose | long term storage of energy and insulation |
| 3 major groups of lipids | triglycerides, phospholipid and steroids |
| nucleic acid function | carry genetic information and transmit DNA |
| nucleic acid elements | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogen, and sometimes phosphorus |
| Glucosidic Linkages | the bond that bonds polysaccharides |
| Polysaccharides | Polymers, with many rings, joined by glucosidic linkages. Acts as an energy storage macromolecule, building materials for cells or whole organisms |
| Disaccharides | Double sugars with 2 rings |
| Monosaccharides | Simple sugars with 1 ring: Provides immediate energy, classified by the amount of carbons |
| Ester Linkage | Joins 3 fatty acids to a glycerol, creating a triacylglycerol |
Created by:
ojvalley
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