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Human Body Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a specific function |
| Organ | A body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together |
| Organ system | A group of organs that work together to perform a major function |
| Gland | An organ that produces and releases chemicals either through ducts or into the bloodstream |
| Hormone | (1) the chemical produced by an endocrine gland (2) A chemical that affects growth and development |
| Stress | The reaction of a person's body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events |
| Interactions | The direct effect that one has on another |
| Stable | Resistant to sudden change |
| Digestion | The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules |
| Nutrients | The substances in food that provide the raw materials the body's cells need to carry out all their essential processes |
| Absorption | The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood |
| Carbohydrates | A energy-rich organ compound, such as sugar or starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| Peristalsis | Waves of smooth muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus toward the stomach |
| Saliva | Fluid released from glands in the mouth that play an important role in mechanical and chemical digestion |
| Enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body |
| Elimination | Act of removal of materials from the body |
| Circulatory system | An organ system that transports needed materials to cells and remove waste |
| Contract | To draw together; to reduce in size |
| Artery | A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| Vein | A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart |
| Capillary | A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells |
| Lymph | Fluid that travels through the lymphatic system consisting of water, white blood cells, and dissolved material |
| Bronchi | The two passages that direct air into the lung |
| Alveoli | Tiny thin-walled sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood |
| Excretion | The process of moving wastes |
| Nephron | Small filtering structure in the kidneys that removes waste from blood and produces urine |
| Neuron | A cell that carries information through the nervous system |
| Synapse | The junction where one neuron can transfer and impulse to another neuron |
| Impulse | The message carried by a neuron |
| Brain | The part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull and controls most functions of the body |
| Spinal cord | Thick column of nervous tissue that links to the brain to most of the nerves that branch out through the body |
| Reflex | automatic response that occurs without conscious through the somatic nervous system |
| Negative feedback | The process by which a system is turned off by the condition it produces |
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