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Science evolution
evolution quarter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a "theory" in science? | a well-tested explaination that unifies a broad range of observations |
| What islands did Darwin discover? | the Galapagos islands |
| What was special about the tortoises on the Galapagos islands? | Each island's tortoise had a specific shell. |
| James Hutton ... | studied rocks and how they form. He said Earth was much older than a few thousand years. |
| Charles Lyell ... | concluded Earth's features change very slowly over a long period |
| Jean-Baptiste Lamarck ... | concluded organisms can selectively use or disuse organs. Also organisms will acquire/lose certain traits. They then pass this onto their offspring. |
| Thomas Malthus ... | If the human population continued to grow, there wouldn't be enough space or food for everyone. |
| Decent w/ modification | New forms appearing in the fossil record are the modified descendants of older species |
| Homologous structures | similar features that originated in a shared ancestor |
| Analogous structures | features serve identical functions and look alike but they have different internal anatomy |
| Vestigial structures | features that were useful to an ancestor but they are not useful to the modern organism that has them |
| Similarities in Embryology | similarities in early vertebrate developments. similarities fade as development proceeds |
| Similarities in Macromolecules | looking @ consequences of amino acids to see how far apart from an evolutionary stand point to organisms are. smaller number of differences = closer relation |
| Natural selection | organisms best suited to environment reproduce more successfully |
| Darwin's hypothesis | over generations the portion of organisms with favorable traits increases in a population |
| Modification by natural selection | environment limits growth of populations by increasing death rate or decreasing reproduction rate or both |
| Fitness | single organism's genetic contribution to the next generation. |
| an individual with high fitness was well adapted to the environment and reproduces more successfully | |
| Coevolution | change of two or more species in close association with each other |
| Convergent Evolution | environment selects similar phenotypes so they look similar but are not closely related |
| Divergent Evolution | two or more related populations or species become more and more dissimilar. usually the result of diffferent habitats and can lead to new species |
| Adaptive Radiation | species from one ancestor like Darwin's finches |
| Artificial Selection | speeding up process like with dog breeding |
| Taxonomy | branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to characteristics |
| Linnaeus System | 7 levels ... each more specific than last |
| Kingdom. Phylum. Family. Class. Order. Family. Genus. Species. | |
| Binomial Nomenclature | system of two part naming system (genus followed by species) for organisms. Genus capped. both underlined/italicized |
| Dichotomous Key | tool used to classify organisms by morphology (observable characteristics) |
Created by:
jumpthemoon
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