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Human Body Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a specific function. |
| Organ | a body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue that work together. |
| Organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a major function. |
| Gland | an organ that produces and releases chemicals either through ducts or into the bloodstream. |
| Hormone | 1. the chemical produced by an endocrine gland 2. a chemical that affects growth and development. |
| Stress | the reaction of a persons body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events. |
| Interactions | the direct effect that one thing has on another. |
| Stable | resistant to sudden change. |
| Digestion | the process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. |
| Nutrients | the substances in food that provide the raw materials the body's cells need to carry out all their essential processes. |
| Absorption | the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood. |
| Carbohydrates | a energy-rich organic compound, such as sugar and starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. |
| Peristalsis | waves of smooth muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus toward the stomach. |
| Saliva | fluid released from glands in the mouth that play an important role in mechanical and chemical digestion. |
| Enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. |
| Elimination | act of removal of materials from the body. |
| Circulatory system | an organ system that transports needed materials to cells and removes waste. |
| Contract | to draw together; to reduce in size. |
| Artery | a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. |
| Vein | a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. |
| Capillary | a tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells. |
| Lymph | fluid that travels through the lymphatic system consisting of water, white blood cells and dissolved materials. |
| Bronchi | the two passages that direct air into the lungs. |
| Alveoli | tiny thin-walled sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood. |
| Excretion | the process of moving waste. |
| Nephron | small filtering structure in the kidneys that removes wastes from blood and produces urine. |
| Neuron | a cell that carries information through the nervous system. |
| Synapse | the junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to another neuron. |
| Impulse | the message carried by a neuron. |
| Brain | the part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull and controls most functions of the body. |
| Spinal cord | thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves that branch out through the body. |
| Reflex | automatic response that occurs without conscious control through the somatic nervous system. |
| Negative feedback | the process by which a system is turned off by the condition it produces. |
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