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Chemistry of life

HBIO3 unit 2 Oct 2-3

QuestionAnswer
Matter is Anything that has mass and takes up space
Elements are The simplest form of matter and have unique characteristics
Mass = Stuff
An atom is The simplest form of an element that retains the characteristics of that element
Protons Have positive charge, weight 1 AMU, and are in the nucleus - p+
Neutrons Have no charge, weight 1 AMU, and are in the nucleus n^o
Electrons Have negative charge, weight 0 AMU, and are in the shells/rings - e-
Atomic number = the number of p+ in one atom of the element
Atomic symbol is one or two letters (use capitals!!!)
Atomic mass = the relative average mass of all the isotopes of an element - number of p+ + number of n^o
Atomic models are How we represent atoms
Ions are Charged ions because of a difference in electrons
Cations Positive charged ions, less e-
Anions Negative charge, more e-
Atoms make bonds to become... More stable
Atoms are most stable when... Their outermost shell is full
Covalent bonds are The sharing of e-, both atoms have similar electronegativity
Electronegativity greater pull of electrons
Ionic bonds Transfer of e-, creates ions -> crystallized salts
Polar covalent bonds unequal sharing of e- because one atom is more electronegative than the other (h2o)
Hydrogen bonds Weak attractions among polar molecules, O hogs all the 2 e-s from H
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of p+ but a different number of n^o
Radioactive isotopes Are unstable and breakdown at a rate of a half life (14c)
Half lives are 5,730 years old
In a new sample the ratio of 14c to 12c is 1 14c : 1 trillion 12c
Carbon 14 dating is only valid for 50,000 years
Rules of Carbon 14 dating -Always calculate the number of half-lives -Round years to the nearest half-life -Never round atoms up -Atoms are never fractions -14c dating is only valid for 50,000 years
Most properties of H2O happen because H2O is polar
Cohesion is H2O sticks to itself - creates surface tension
Adhesion is H2O sticks to other things
H2O is a Universal solvent
Solvents... Dissolve solutes in a solution
H2O is... less dense as a solid (ice floats) - insulates the H2O under it
H2O has a high heat capacity... need to add or subtract lots of energy to change the temperature
H2O has a high heat of vaporization... When H2O changes to gas it takes lots of heat (sweating removes heat)
pH... measure of the H+ ion [ ] in a solution
pH scale is The negative log scale of H= ion concentration of a solution, ranges from 0-14, 0-7 is acid and has more H+ and less OH-, 7-14 is basic and has less H+ and more OH-
Created by: erica.y
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