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Theory in Nursing
Test #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Maintenance of normalcy as interpreted by the individual (self-concept, sexuality, social relationships, spirituality, coping) control over one's ADL's and the ability to cope with the course of disease. Goal of Nursing | Self-care need of normalcy |
| Lewin: 3 Stages unfreezing-motivation to create change moving-making actual change refreezing-changes are stabilized Influential factors: culture, family, G&D, tasks, ethnocentrism (powerful people=Hitler) | Change Theory |
| The expectancy that an individual's own behavior cannot determine the outcomes he seeks. | Powerlessness |
| Deciding factor in one's ability to cope effectively. realistic-conscious violation of ethics pseudo-expectations exceed reality neurotic-dreads any form of behavior that may threaten loss of self-esteem | Guilt |
| Determined by beliefs, values, and attitudes *delicate area for RN's to discuss with PT | Sexuality |
| Individual's perception of self-worth; affected by sexuality, guilt, powerlessness | Self-esteem Theory |
| Emotion that pervades all people; a response involving the total person | Anxiety Theory |
| Shock/disbelief (denial)--> allows for the processing Apprehending the loss Attempting to cope Final restitution | Engel's stages of loss/grief (similar to Keubler-Ross) |
| A situation where a valued object is rendered inaccessible to an individual or altered to the point of no value. | Loss Theory |
| You can't become part of an environment with strangers and have self-actualization | Maslow's: Self-actualization Theory |
| Close relationship with people--> ability to love, respect, and value others while receiving love, respect, and value from others | Interdependence Theory |
| Primary-the way of life assumed by the person (married woman) Secondary-influences behavior in society (boy's mother, wife) Tertiary-roles freely chosen (PTA president, patient) | 3 Roles: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary |
| 1. Need for social integrity 2. Need to know who one is in relation to others. | Needs related to a role |
| Physical-"I feel..." Personal-"I would like to be like..."; "I believe in..." | Physical vs. Personal self |
| Composite of beliefs and feelings that one holds about one's self at a given time; formed from perceptions of others reactions and behaviors | Self-concept |
| The process of positively responding to environmental changes that decrease necessary responses to cope with the stimuli and increase sensitivity to respond to other stimuli | Adaptation |
| To deal with the person, not as a biological organism but as a holistic system | Goal of Nursing |
| Clarity, Simplicity, Generality, Empirical Precision, Derivable Consequences | Components of a Theory |
| Increases understanding through relationship statements that specify the cause between independent and dependent variables. Requires concepts, definitions, and relationship statements | Causal Process |
| Interrelated logical system of concepts, definitions, and relationship statements arranged in hierarchical order | Axiomatic Form |
| An inductive approach that seeks patterns in research findings | Set of Laws |
| Combines induction and deduction. This is how we normally think. | Retroduction |
| Form of logical reasoning that progresses from general to specific | Deduction |
| A form of reasoning that moves from the specific to the general ex. set of laws | Induction |
| Induction, Deduction, Retroduction, Set of laws, Axiomatic form, Causal process | Development of a Theory |
| Narrower focus than grand, but a broader focus than micro | Middle Range Theory |
| Broad and complex | Grand Theory |
| Sets the meaning of nursing phenomena through analysis, reasoning, and logical argument | Philosophy |
| Indicated when the theory contains a large number of theoretical statements | Ordering |
| Offer a reasonable explanation of why the variables in the theory may be connected, that is the plausibility of the theory | Linkages |
| Application of systematic methods to obtain reliable and valid knowledge about empirical reality | Research |
| A statement that asserts one variable is required for the occurrence of another | Necessary Condition |
| Predicts both occurrence and nonoccurrence of something | Probabilistic Statement |
| Has dependent variables determined by independent variables | Deterministic Statement |
| Believed to cause the occurrence of another concept if they have a causal relationship | Causal Statement |
| Indicates that values of one concept are correlated with that of another (linear, curvilinear=Bell curve) | Relational Statements |
| Establish a topology (link indicating a concept exists) | Existence Statements |
| Theorems or statements arrived from axioms | Propositions |
| Relationship statements that include abstract concepts-concepts that relate mental images of entities not readily observable | Axioms and Theorems |
| Relationship statement to be tested | Hypothesis |
| Differ from laws only in the amount of support generated for the proposed relationship statements. May be on the way to becoming a law. Patterns of events | Empirical Generalizations |
| Statements that describe a relationship in which scientists have so much confidence they consider it an absolute truth. Have overwhelming support. | Laws |
| Describe a relationship between 2 or more concepts | Theoretical Statements |
| Statements supposed to be true without proof or demonstration | Assumptions |
| Statements of meaning of words, phrases, and terms | Definitions |
| Any occurrence or fact that is directly perceptible by the senses | Phenomenon |
| Global units, representing a large concept and their relationship to one another ex. 4 paradigms-man, health, nursing, and environment | Summative Concepts |
| Based on statistical evidence-an average ex. BP readings of 120/80 (not common to find the exact reading, but over years of study,this is the norm) | Statistical Concepts |
| Combination of ideas ex. elderly people are understood as having aged and longevity; to be a mother you must be a female, have sexual relations with a male, and proper organ function. | Relational Concepts |
| Simplest and least complex: Can have zero ex. income, anxiety, disease | Associative Concepts |
| Simplest and least complex: Always exist ex. age | Enumerative Concepts |
| Enumerative, Associative, Relational, Statistical, Summative | Types of Concepts |
| A complex mental formulation of an object, property, or event that is derived from individual perceptual experience. May be abstract or concrete. Also classified as discrete or continuous. | Concept |
| A set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that project a systematic view of phenomena by designing specific interrelationships among concepts for purposes of describing, explaining, and predicting. A degree of uncertainty still exists. | Theory |
| Conceptual diagram that can be used to organize theory. Paradigm shift-inspires people to think differently | Paradigm |
| Frameworks made up of abstract and general ideas and propositions that specify their relationships | Conceptual Modles |
| An idea that explains by using symbolic and physical visualization ex. EKG strip, scans | Model |
| Something known with certainty | Fact |
| An awareness or perception of reality acquired through learning or investigation | Knowledge |
| The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena. Much harder and requires evidence. | Science |
| The science comprising logic, ethics, anesthetics, metaphysics, and epistemology. Epistemology-words significant to a type of literature | Philosophy |
Created by:
shanhaup
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