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NUR 114
Perfusion test (HTN, DVT/PE)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the heart doing during systole? | Contraction/ pumping out blood |
| What is the heart doing during diastole? | Relaxing/ filling up with blood |
| Cause of primary HTN | Unknown |
| Cause of secondary HTN | Result of another disease: CKD**, Cushing’s, hyperthyroidism, sleep apnea, drug withdrawal (narcotics) OTC drugs (NSAIDS, decongestants), steroids, cocaine, Pre-eclampsia (HTN during pregnancy) |
| Modifiable risk factors for HTN: | Family Hx, age, race (highest in AA) |
| Diet risk factors for HTN: | High in sodium and cholesterol, low in potassium, calcium, and magnesium |
| Lifestyle fist factors for HTN: | Sedentary lifestyle, stress |
| Risk factors for HTN that cause vasoconstriction: | Stress, smoking, ETOH abuse ( >3 drinks/day), street drugs (cocaine) |
| Personal medical Hx risk factors for HTN: | Obesity (BMI > 30), DM, CKD, pregnancy |
| What is the right position to put your pt in to take their BP? | Feet flat on the floor, ankles and legs uncrossed, arm level with the heart, no slouching |
| S/S of stroke caused by HTN: | HA, dizziness, weakness, numbness, confusion, blurred vision |
| S/S of MI caused by HTN: | Chest pain, dyspnea |
| S/S of HF caused by HTN: | Chest pain, dyspnea, edema |
| S/S of kidney failure caused by HTN: | Nocturia (can often be first sign) |
| S/S of blindness (retinal hemorrhage) caused by HTN: | blurred vision |
| Elevated BP numbers | SBP 120-129 AND DBP less than 80 |
| Stage I HTN numbers | SBP 130-139 OR DBP 80-89 |
| Stage II HTN numbers | SBP greater than 140 OR DBP greater than 90 |
| Hypertensive crisis numbers | SBP greater than 181 and/or DBP greater than 121 |
| Common causes of HTN crisis | ****NONCOMPLIANCE w/ anti-hypertensives -Kidney probs/failure -street drugs -meds (BCPs, MAOIs) -pregnancy |
| Hypertensive emergency s/s | Neuro (Confusion, numbness, weakness) — concern for CVA Cardiac (chest pain, dyspnea) —concern for MI Other (HA, blurred vision, decreased UOP) |
| Tx for hypertensive crisis | Monitor BP continuously or q5mins Administer vasodilators intravenuously |
| How quickly to lower the BP of someone in a HTN crisis? | No more than 25% the first hour then over 2-6 hrs — do it this way to prevent shock |
| Vasodilators used to treat HTN crisis | Labetalol, enalapril, nitroglycerin |
| DASH Diet recommendations for sodium | Less than 2.4 grams |
| DASH recommended servings of fruits and veggies/day | 4-5 servings of each |
| General DASH diet recommendations | 2000 calories a day Low in saturated fats and sugar |
| Where are superficial thrombophlebitis found | Near the skin surface |
| Where are deep venous thrombosis found | In a muscle |
| What is virchows triad? | 1. Circulatory stasis 2. Vascular damage 3. Hypercoaguability |
| Causes of circulatory stasis | Long distance travel, pregnancy, immobility, A-fib, varicose veins |
| Causes of vascular damage | Trauma, orthopedic surgery, HTN, invasive lines |
| Causes of hypercoagulability | Sepsis, smoking, coagulation disorders, cancer |
| Non-modifiable risk factors for DVT/PE: | Family or personal history of blood clotting disorders or blood clots |
| Procedures/ medications that put you at risk for DVT/PE | Orthopedic procedures, invasive lines, hormone replacement therapy, and oral contraceptives |
| Cardiac conditions that put you at risk for DVT/PE | HTN, CAD, MI, PVD, HF, A-fib, CVA |
Created by:
ginnyfoscue
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