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Review 1 First 9 W

Review Cells, viruses, cell transport

TermDefinition
Eukaryotic cell Cells with nucleus and different membrane-bound organelles. DNA is the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular and multicellular. Examples: animal and plant cells.
Prokaryotic cell Cells with no nucleus or other membrane - bound organelles. DNA is floating freely in the cytoplasm. Example: bacteria.
Animal cell Eukaryotic cell that contains nucleus, lysosomes and other membrane-bound organelles.
Plant cell Eukaryotic cell that contains nucleus, cell wall, chloroplast and other membrane-bound organelles.
Plasma membrane The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Organelle Are specialized structures with specific function inside the cell. Example: nucleus, mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum.
Capsid Is a protein shell that store and protects genetic material.
Host cell Living cell that serves as a shelter and as energy source to the virus.
Lytic Cycle New virus particles are QUICKLY produced and host cells begin to be damaged and destroyed causing symptoms to appear within just a few days of infection.
Lysogenic cycle DNA is incorporated into the host genome and remains dormant in the host cell’s genome for a long period of time.
Homeostasis Steady balance of water, nutrients and energy.
Selectively-permeable Partially but not freely or wholly permeable. This is also called semi-permeable.
Equilibrium Balance.
Passive transport Diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no expenditure of energy. Moving molecules from high concentration to low concentration.
Active transport Movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring an expenditure of energy.
Solute Solute is a dissolved substance. Example: salt, sugar, Kool-Aid :-).
Solvent Able to dissolve other substances. Example, water.
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