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forest eco MT1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 subdivisions that community is split into | 1. plant community 2. animal community 3. microbial community |
| Define community | an assemblage of plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that live in an environment and interact with one another, forming a distinctive living system with its own composition, structure, environmental relations, development and functions |
| Define Structure | the vertical arrangement and spatial organization of plants. ex. lodgepole pine growing alone with no competition |
| Physiognomy | the overall growth form and characteristic features of plant communities |
| 5 components that are often found in plant communities | 1. trees 2. shrubs 3. herbs (non woody plants) 4. mosses/ lichens 5. epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants ) |
| Plant formation | structural change along environmental gradients to form a combination of growth forms |
| Biome | plant formation together with its associated animal, microbial and physical environments |
| Coenocline | sequence of biotic communities along an environmental gradient (community) |
| Ecoline | sequence of biotic communities along with their physical environment |
| Alpha diversity | number of species present in a sample ex. temperate has low alpha diversity while tropical rain forest would have high alpha diversity |
| Beta diversity | variation in species composition between two adjacent communities ex. driving in Alberta has low beta diversity because you won't see many trees over many km |
| Ecotones | transitional areas between to adjacent biotic associations ex. forest to grasslands |
| Tree lines are determined by | - temp - carbon balance - wind - snow duration - fire - animals |
| Symbiotic interaction | Mutualism Commensalism |
| Antagonistic interactions | relationship in which one of the partners is adversely affected - physical exploitation - antibiosis - allelopathy |
| Physical exploitation | when a plant grows on a plant but eventually smothers the host |
| Antibiosis | - fingi producing penicillin |
| Allelopathy | antibiosis between plants ex. production of jug lone by walnut trees |
| Interspecific | competition between two different species |
| Intraspecific | competition between members of the same sppecies |
| The concept of niche | i) Functional role - the function of a species in its environment ii) Habitat - type of range of environments in which a species lives iii) Geographical area - location of its range |
| Fundamental niche | This is the maximum niche a species can occupy in the absence of competition from other species. |
| Realized niche | A portion of the fundamental niche occupied by a species within the presence of competition. |
| Define silvics | the study of the life history and general characteristics of forest trees |
| Ecological succession | The process by which a series of different plant communities and associated animals and microbes successively occupy and replace each other over time in a particular ecosystem or landscape location following a disturbance to that ecosystem |
| Mechanisms of successional change | - Colonization - Alteration of the physical characteristics of the site - Displacement of species by competition |
| Temp of cool fire | 600 C |
| Temp of hot fire | 1100 C |
| Local climates | results from the local topography modifying the impact of the regional climate |
| Plant community (microclimate) | modified by local topography, soil, and vegetation |
| Radiation frost | occurs when the ground surface cools below 0 C through the net loss of long wave radiation to the atmosphere |
| Advection frost | occurs when air, which has radiatively cooled to below freezing at another location, flows onto a site ex. pooling |
| Coarse-textured soils | - low water and nutrient holding capacity - good drainage and aeration |
| Fine-textured soils | - high water and nutrient holding capacity - poor drainage and aeration |
| Microsite concept | - range from 1m2 - 5m2 - dynamic - important to recognize microsite in forest regeneration |
| Site quality | the sum total of all the many environmental factor affecting the biotic community |
| Site units | groups of ecosystems, regardless of present vegetation, that have the same or equivalent environmental properties and vegetation and productivity potential |
| Site association | all ecosystems capable of producing vegetation belonging to the same plant association |
| Site series | site associations within one sub zone |
| Site type | subdivisions of site series into inits that are homogenous in soil characteristics and topographical features |
| Soil moisture regime (SMR) | average amount of soil water available for evapotranspiration |
| Soil nutrient regime (SNR) | amount of essential nutrients that are available to plants |
| Ecological equivalence | Similar vegetation may occur on different sites providing that the integrated effect of all environmental factors is the same |
| Individual species method | - often used in species-poor plant communities, - suitable for identifying microsites: - canopy openings - mounds - depressions - disturbed surfaces - use species with cover of > 20 %, |
| Spectral method | - based on the distribution and frequency of Indicator Species Groups (ISG's) for individual sites. this method is more time consuming than the Individual Species Method but provides better community information. |
| Index method | - based on weighted values for each ISG, - has been used in gradient analysis, - this method "positions" a site along an environmental gradient. |
| Light availability | - Light is the driving force in photosynthesis, - Fundamental requirement for plant growth, - In forest environments, low light availability restricts the growth of plants. |
Created by:
Alyssa22122
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