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Biology 108 Quiz 1.2
Lec 1-12 Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many species on Earth? | Approximately 2 million living species so far discovered and described |
| What is eukaryotes richness? | 309-492 species |
| What are the two main approaches to scientific biological inquiry? | Observation plus induction and hypothesis-based |
| What is the difference between taxonomy and systematics? | Taxonomy = the practice of classifying organisms, systematics = the theory of classifying organisms |
| What are the problems with common names? | Common names can differ, same name for different species, and common name may imply incorrect relationships |
| What did Linnaeus propose in Systema Naturaea? | To use Latin as a universal language of scientific nomenclature and to use unique binomen for each species. |
| What is the order of the taxonomic ranks for animals? | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| The 3 rules for formatting scientific names: | Genus and specific epithet italicized, taxon names (except specific epithet) capitalized when used as nouns but not when used as adjectives, AND genus name may be abbreviated |
| Does the ICZN cover all species? | No, only animals |
| All family names for animals end in? | idae |
| What do modern systematists focus on? | the reasons why particular taxa should be grouped together |
| What was wrong with the old style evolutionary systematics? | very subjective and unstructured |
| True or false: In cladograms, the lengths of the branches matters. | False |
| What is the goal of cladistic analysis? | parsimony |
| The principle of Parsimony states: | The best hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest postulates |
| What are some issues with molecular cladistic methods? | Statistically very complicated, requires proper alignment of sequences, difficult to recognize homlogous and analogous when there is only 4 possibilities (A,C,G,T), and it takes many days to run analysis. |
| What influenced Darwins thoughts about biology? | gradualistic processes in geology |
| What was the name of Darwins first published book? | The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, published in 1859 |
| True of false: Genetic drift results in adaptations | False |
| Are viruses alive? | Since they lack metabolism and homeostasis, and cannot reproduce without using the cellular machinery of a host cell, they are NOT alive. |
| In what conditions is fossilization more likely? | Hard-bodied, aquatic, in-shore marine, and lack of decomposing organisms after death |
| What is an issue with relative dating? | It is common to have gaps in sedimentary sequences, which makes it more difficult to get an accurate reading. |
| When did the planet form? | ~4.6 BYA |
| Oldest fossil evidence of life? | ~3.5 BYA |
| What are the 3 need for metabolic activity in any organism? | Water, carbon, and energy |
| What are the 5 major clades of bacteria? | Proteobacteria, chlamydia, spirochaetes, gram positive bacteria, and cyanobacteria |
| How do eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes? | DNA is in linear chromosomes in membrane bound nucleus, membrane bound organelles, cytoskeleton, has a nucleus |
| What are the 3 groups of amoebozoans? | solitary amoebas, plasmodial slime molds, and cellular slime molds |
| What was the first terrestrial photosynthesizers? | cyanobacteria |
| Who does Kingdom Plantae share a common ancestor with? | green algae |
| What consists of Kingdom Plantae? | embryophytes |
| 3 synapomorphies of members of Kingdom Plantae that differentiate it from charophytes are: | (1) multicellular, dependant embryos, (2) alternation of generations, and (3) sporopollenin |
| Does alternation of generations occur in charophytes? | no |
| What are some derived features within plantae? | (1) adaptations for water conservation (waxy cuticle & stomata), (2) lignified vascular tissue for internal transport (lignin, xylem, phloem), and (3) apical meristems in vascular plants. |
| What are the 3 extant phyla of bryophytes? | phylum hepatophyta (liverworts, ~9000 spp), phylum anthocerophyta (hornworts, ~100 spp), and phylum bryophyta (mosses, ~15000 spp) |
Created by:
leahdemchuk
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