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Science chap.23
The Immune System and Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acquired immunity | arising from exposure to antigens |
| AIDS | a disease of the immune system characterized by increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections, as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and candidiasis, to certain cancers, as Kaposi's sarcoma |
| allergens | any substance, often a protein, that induces an allergy |
| allergy | an abnormal reaction of the body to a previously encountered allergen introduced by inhalation, ingestion, injection, or skin contact, often manifested by itchy eyes, runny nose, wheezing, skin rash, or diarrhea |
| antibodies | any of numerous Y-shaped protein molecules produced by B cells as a primary immune defense, each molecule and its clones having a unique binding site that can combine with the complementary site of a foreign antigen, as on a virus or bacterium |
| antigens | any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies and combine specifically with them |
| antibiotics | any of a large group of chemical substances, as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by various microorganisms and fungi, having the capacity in dilute solutions to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms |
| antihistamines | any of certain compounds or medicines that neutralize or inhibit the effect of histamine in the body, used chiefly in the treatment of allergic disorders and colds |
| antiseptics | used to get free from or cleaned of germs and other microorganisms |
| autoimmune disease | a disease resulting from a disordered immune reaction in which antibodies are produced against one's own tissues, as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis |
| biopsy | the removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from a living body |
| cancer | a malignant and invasive growth or tumor, esp. one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites |
| cholesterol | a sterol, C27H46O, that occurs in all animal tissues, esp. in the brain, spinal cord, and adipose tissue, functioning chiefly as a protective agent in the skin and myelin sheaths of nerve cells, a detoxifier in the bloodstream, and as a precursor of ma |
| Communicable Diseases | infectious diseases that are contagious(or"catching") |
| contaminated | to make impure or unsuitable by contact or mixture with something unclean, bad, etc |
| disease | a disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; il |
| gamma globulin | a protein fraction of blood plasma that responds to stimulation of antigens, as bacteria or viruses, by forming antibodies: administered therapeutically in the treatment of some viral diseases |
| hereditary diseases | diseases that"run in the family" |
| histamine | .a histidine-derived amine compound that is released mainly by damaged mast cells in allergic reactions, causing dilation and permeability of blood vessels and lowering blood pressure |
| immune deficiency | lacks the ability to attack pathogens |
| immune response | reaction of the antibodios against antigens and pathogens |
| immune system | a diffuse, complex network of interacting cells, cell products, and cell-forming tissues that protects the body from pathogens and other foreign substances, destroys infected and malignant cells, and removes cellular debris |
| immunity | the condition that permits either natural or acquired resistance to disease |
| infectious disease | is caused by a particular pathogen that enters, grows, and multiplies in the body of a host |
| interferon | any of various proteins, produced by virus-infected cells, that inhibit reproduction of the invading virus and induce resistance to further infection. |
| lymphocytes | a type of white blood cell having a large, spherical nucleus surrounded by a thin layer of nongranular cytoplasm |
| microbes | a pathogenic bacterium |
| natural immunity | is present without prior immunization |
| noninfectious disease | is one that is usually caused by the presence or absence of some nonliving agent |
| pathogens | any disease-producing agent, esp. a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism |
| phagocytes | any cell, as a macrophage, that ingests and destroys foreign particles, bacteria, and cell debris |
| toxins | any poison produced by an organism, characterized by antigenicity in certain animals and high molecular weight, and including the bacterial toxins that are the causative agents of tetanus, diphtheria, etc |
| vaccination | the act or practice of vaccinating; inoculation with vaccine |
| vaccine | any preparation used as a preventive inoculation to confer immunity against a specific disease, usually employing an innocuous form of the disease agent, as killed or weakened bacteria or viruses, to stimulate antibody production. |
| vector | any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter, as a virus or plasmid that conveys a genetically engineered DNA segment into a host cell |
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daisy37311
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