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Ecolog
ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ecological Footprint | Is a measure of people's demand of nature's good and services |
| Deterministic Extinctions | Extinction of a population due to some inescapable change. |
| Stochastic Effects | Extinctions due to chance occurrences and variations |
| Genetic Risks | a)genetic drift b)inbreeding effects c)population bottleneck |
| Allee Effect | Small populations can suffer reduced population growth |
| Extinction | When the last individual of the species dies |
| Minimum Viable Population (MVP) | A population size that will ensure at some acceptable level of risk that the population will persist for a specified time. |
| Species at Risk (SAR) | A species that is provincially and/or federally protected (40% in ontario, 516 species in Canada) |
| Biodiversity | The number of species in a community or region, which may be weighted by their relative abundance. |
| Species Diversity | The number of species within a community. |
| Primary Succession | Community development in an area devoid of life. |
| Succession (or Secondary Succession) | Development of a community after disturbance |
| Mutualism | A relationship between two organisms of difference species that benefits both and harms neither |
| Resource Availability Hypothesis | A theory of plant defenses that predicts higher plant growth rates which will result in less investments in defensive chemicals and structures. |
| Competitive Exclusion Principle | 1)if 2 competing species coexist, they do so by niche differentiation 2)if niche differentiation is not possible, one species will exclude the other |
| Realized Niche | The observed resource use of a species in the presence of competition and other biotic interactions |
| Fundamental Niche | The ecological space occupied by a species in the absence of competition and other biotic interactions from other species |
| Character Displacement | When two similar species coexist, character displacement can occur in order to maintain reproductive isolation |
| Predator Search Image | 1.chemoreceptors(smell-zooplankton) 2.Sound-bats, owls 3.mechonoreception (touch-spiders) 4.heat-pit vipers 5.electrical fields-fish in deep sea 6.sight-frogs |
| Predation Encounter (2 types) | 1.Ambush predator- pike, grizzly, polar bears, quiet dog 2.cruise and glide- sharks, osprey, freshwater shrimp |
| Predation Cycle | 1.encounter-predator encounters prey 2.pursuit-predator chases or moves in on prey 3.attack-prey is inside predators mouth 4.retention-prey has been subdued inside mouth |
| Secondary Production | The growth and reproduction of organisms that obtain their energy from primary production (Limits: primary production, types of ecosystems, 2nd law thermodynamics, trophic efficiencies |
| Self-thinning Rule (Yoda's Law) | relationship between individual plant size and density in even-aged population of a single species will experience thinning (mortality) from competition to fit theorectical line with a slope of : 3/2 |
| Compensatory Mortality | Cause of death is a mix of several variables (example: wolf kills a moose who is starving and cannot move fast due to deep snow) |
| Additive Mortality | Cause of mortality can be added up, one by one. (example: a coyote kills a sheep in a flock of farmed sheep) |
| Ecosystem Carrying Capacity | 1.capacity of the ecosystem to sustain a certain amount of living organisms 2.maximum number of organisms that can be supported by a given ecosystem |
| Regulating Factor | A factor that keeps a population at equilibrium (example:when population density increases, mortality also increases) |
| Limiting Factor | A factor that controls a process such as growth or size,-it changes the equilibrium density of a population |
| 2nd Principle of Population Regulation | Differences between two populations in equilibrium density can be caused by variation in either density-dependant or density-independant per capita birth and death rates |
| 1st Principle of Population Regulation | No closed population stops increasing unless either the per capita birth rate or death rate is density dependant |
| Population Regulation | a)process that keeps a population within reasonable bounds b)human manipulation of a population |
| Sink Populations | Local populations in which the rate of production is below replacement so that extinction is inevitible without a source of immigrants |
| Source Population | Local populations in which the rate of production of production exceeds replacement so that individuals emigrate to surrounding population |
| Balance of Nature | The belief that natural populations and communities exist in a stable equilibrium and maintain it in the absence of human growth |
Created by:
meaghan12321
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