Save
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Biochem

FA Biochem Chapter

QuestionAnswer
Heterochromatin Condensed, transcriptionally inactive
Euchromatin less condensed, transcriptionally active
Amino acids necessary for purine synthesis glycine, aspartate, glutamine
Carbamoyl Phosphate Involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis and the urea cycle. OTC deficiency leads to a build up of carbamoyl phosphate, which gets shunted to orotic acid. Leads to high orotic acid levels
Thymidylate Synthase inhibited by 5 FU. converts dUMP to dTMP. Requires THF as a cofactor.
Orotic Aciduria Cannot convert orotic acid to UMP. AR. Increased orotic acid in urine, megaloblastic anemia not corrected by B12 or folate. Failure to thrive. No hyperammonemia (vs. OTC deficiency). Tx. Uridine
ADA Deficiency Converts adenosine to inosine. Excess ATP and dATP inbalances ribonucleotide pool and inhibits ribonucleotide reductase. Reduces DNA Synthesis, causes SCID.
Lesch Nyan Absence of HGPRT. HGPRT Converts hypoxanthine to IMP and guaninie to GMP. Excess uric acid production. Leads to mental retardation, agression, self mutilation, gout, choreoathetosis.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum UV light leads to formation of thymidine dimers. Normally resolved by nucleotide excision repair (endonuclease activity). Mutated in xeroderma pigmentosum - leads to melanoma and dry skin.
Ataxia Telangectasia increased sensitivity to ionising radiation leads to cerebellar ataxia, telangectasia, and immunodeficiency.
Fanconi's Anemia increased sensitivity to DNA cross linking agents leads to leukemia and aplastic anemia.
tRNA CAA sequence, and amino acid are at 3 prime end. Aminoacyl synthetase scrutinizes AA before and after it binds to tRNA.
p53 and Rb inhibit G1 to S progression. mutations results in unrestrained growth.
SER smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons. high in liver and adrenal cortex steroid producing cells.
COP1 retrograde trafficking from the Golgi to ER
COP II anterograde trafficking from the ER to cis golgi.
Clathrin trans golgi to lysosomes, to plasma membrane. to endosomes. RME
I Cell Disease inherited lysosomal storage disorder. Failure of M6P addition. Enzymes are secreted outside the cell instead of being targeted to lysosome. Coarse facial features, clouded corneas, restricted joint movement, high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes.
Type I Collagen Bone skin tendon dentin fascia cornea late wound repair
Type II Collagen Cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus pulposis
Type III Collagen Reticulin: skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue
Type IV Collagen basement membrane or basal lamina. especially for eyes, ears and kidneys
Ehlers Danlos Usually affects Type III Collagen. Hyperextensible skin, tendency to bleed, hypermobile joints. Can be autosomal dominant or recessive. Associated with joint dislocation, berry aneurysm, organ rupture.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Brittle bone disease. Impaired matrix formation. Abnormal Type I Collagen causes multiple factures, blue sclera, hearing loss, and dental imperfection
Alports Syndrome XLR progressive hereditary nephritis, ocular disturbance, and deafness
Elastin Rich in proline and glycine, nonglycosylated. Tropoelastin has fibrillin scaffoling, which is deficient in Marfans. Broken down by elastase which is inhibited by alpha 1 antitrypsin.
Prader Willi Deletion of normally active paternal allele. (The maternal allele is normally imprinted). Mental retardation, hyperphagia, obesity, hypogonadism, hypotonia.
Angelman's Syndrome Deletion of normally active maternal allele. Mental retardation, seizures, ataxia, laughing.
Achondroplasia AD. Defect in FGFR-3. Dwarfism, short limbs, head and trunk are normal size. Associated with advanced paternal age.
ADPKD Bilateral. massive enlargement of cysts due to multiple large cysts. Flank pain, hematuria, hypertension, progressive renal failure. Increased risk for berry aneurysm, polycystic liver disease, mitral valve prolapse. Chromosome 16.
Trinucelotide Repeat Disorders Huntingtons (CAG); Myotonic Dystrophy (CTG); Fragile X (CGG); Friedreich's Ataxia (GAA)
Trisomy21 Downs. Mental Retardation, flat facies, epicanthal folds, simian crease, duodenal atresia, hirschsprungs, congenital heart disease, increased risk of ALL. Increased nuchal lucency on US.
Quad Screen results for trisomy 21 low AFP, increased beta HCG, reduced estriol, increased inhibin A.
Edwards Syndrome Trisomy 18. Severe mental retardation, rocker bottom feet, micrognathia, low set ears, clenched hands, prominent occiput. Death usually within one year
Patau Syndrome Trisomy 13. severe mental retardation, rocker bottom feet, microphthalmia, microcephaly, cleft lip/palate, holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, congenital heart disease. death usually within one year.
increased AFP in quad screen suggests neural tube defect, abdominal wall defects (omphalocele), multiple gestations, wrong birth date.
Pericentric chromosomal inversion a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end, involves centromere and proceeds through meosis
paracentric chromosomal inversion a segment of a chromosome is reveresed and does not involve centromere. does not proceed through meiosis.
Williams syndrome congenital microdeletion of the long arm of chromosome 7. distinctive elfin facies, mental retardation, hypercalcemia due to increased vitamin D sensitivity, well developed verbal skills, extreme friendliness with strangers, CV problems.
22q11 CATCH 22. Digeorge - thymic, parathyroid, and cardiac defects. Velocardiofacial - palate, facial, and cardaic defects. Aberrant development of 3rd and 4th branchial pouches.
Cri Cu Chat congential microdeletion of short arm of chromosome 5. Microcephaly, moderate to severe mental retardation, high pitched crying, mewing, epicantal folds, CV abnormalities.
Created by: svl2002
Popular USMLE sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards