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MA Unit 2
Zoom "Need to Know" Notes for Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eastern Empire Capital | Constantinople |
| Western Empire Capital | Rome |
| Three Main Social Classes | Nobles, Peasants, & Clergy |
| Nobles | Known as the landowners. They owned all the land & everything on it. Did very little in the Church |
| Peasants | Had nothing & were referred to as “Serfs.” Basically, an enslaved population but were able to do good in the Church |
| Clergy | Refers to the Catholic Church & had the most power because they were the most literate |
| Two Main Forms of Music/Art | Sacred & Secular |
| Sacred | Religious art or music |
| Secular | Non -religous music with no restraint (can use any texture) |
| Three Types of Medival Composition | Gregorian Chant, Organum, & Medival Mass |
| Gregorian Chant Type | Monophonic (strictly vocal, Latin, & melismatic) |
| Organum Type | Homophonic (strictly vocal, Latin, & melismatic) |
| Medival Mass Type | Polyphonic (strictly vocal, Latin, & melismatic) |
| Melismatic | Multiple notes per syllable |
| Solavik | One note per syllable |
| Organum Definition | Harmonized Gregorian chant developed by 2 Italian monks, Leonan and Periton, who worked at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris |
| Estampie | Stamping dance |
| The School of Notre Dame | People who followed the harmonizing chants by Leanan and Periton |
| Medival Mass Definition | The polyphonic setting of the ordinary mass |
| Pope Gregory the Great | Reorganized the church liturgy (all the ceremonial aspects of the Church). |
| Ars Nova | Means new art. Gave us the ability to write rhythm. Mud-14th century to present day |
| Ars Antique | Means old art. Pre-14th century |
| Humanism | Dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance that focused on human life and its accomplishments. It was about science and exploration. This idea strongly influenced art |
| Charlemagne | The first Emperor of Europe who started in 800 |
| Marin Luther | Led the reformation and the Christian Church was created when he broke away |
| The Reformation | The Protestant revolt that became a movement and began in 1517. The unity of Christendom “exploded” during this |
| Hildegard Von Bingen | Famous German nun who wrote great music like O successores. 1st woman composer from whom a large number of works—monophonic sacred songs—have survived. |
| Johannes Guttenberg | Invented moveable type & printed the Bible that way |
| Christopher Columbus | Reached America in 1492, where he began his voyage |
| Nicholas Copernicus | A Renaissance mathematician and astronomer. Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Navigated the globe |
| Counter Reformation | A reform of the internal catholic church, NOT the protestant revolt |
| Romanesque Architecture | Has a semicircular arch style copied after rome |
| Gothic Architecture | Uses a pointed arch |
| Mona Lisa | Painted created by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503 |
| Michelangelo | Painted the ceiling of the sistine chapel |
| David | Sculpture created by Michelangelo in 1504 |
| The School of Athens | Painted by Raphael |
| Fall of Rome | A.D. 476 |
| Founding of Europe by Charlemagne | 800 |
| The Middle Ages | 450-1450. Early on was a time of migrations, upheavals, and wars. Around 1450, it became a period of culutral growth |
| The Renaissance | 1450-1600. Started when Islam overran Castantiople. Overran the Eastern Empire in 1453 |
| Columbus Arrives in America | 1492. The beginning of the "New World" |
| Drone | Consists of one or more long, sustained tones accompanying a melody |
| Troubadours | During the Middle Ages, poet-musician who lived in southern France and wrote poems in the Provençal language |
| Trouvéres | During the Middle Ages, poet-musician who lived in northern France and wrote poems in Old French |
| Trobairitz | Women troubadours |
| Minstrels (jongleurs-juggler) | During the Middle Ages, wandering entertainers who performed music and acrobatics in castles, taverns, and town squares. Had no civil rights & on the lowest social level. |
| Cantus Firmus (fixed melody) | A chant used as the basis for polyphony |
| Ballata | An Italian poetic and musical form that originated as a song to accompany dancing |
| Rondeau | An Italian poetic and musical form that originated as a song to accompany dancing. |
| Mass Ordinary | Consists of texts that remain the same from day to day throughout the church year |
| Word Painting | A musical depiction of specific words |
| A cappella | Choral music without instrumental accompaniment. |
| Motet | Polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than that of the mass |
| Mass | Polyphonic choral composition made up of five sections |
| Madrigal | Composition for several voices set to a short secular poem, usually about love, combining homophonic and polyphonic textures and often using word painting; common in Renaissance music. Originated in Italy around 1520 |
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