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Life Science Ch. 2
Use these flashcards to study for our Ch. 2 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the passage of particles through a membrane, requiring the use of cellular energy | active transport |
| the membrane that surrounds all the cytoplasm of a cell | Cell membrane |
| a rigid structure manufactured by certain organisms outside of the cell membrane | Cell wall |
| the process plants use to make food | Photosynthesis |
| a strand of DNA with associated proteins; usually found in the nucleus of a cell | chromosome |
| a cellular organelle that contains chlorophyll and other pigments; the organelle in which photosynthesis occurs | chloroplast |
| Carbon Dioxide + water + light energy, makes sugar + oxygen | Photosynthesis process |
| primary pigment of Photosynthesis | chlorophyll |
| collects energy used to power Photosynthesis | Chlorophyll |
| structures in the cytoplasm that perform various cellular functions | Cytoplasmic organelles |
| used in the building of cell walls | Cellulose |
| the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; a form of passive transport | diffusion |
| obtain their energy by feeding on producers and other consumers | Consumers |
| Products of photosynthesis | Sugar and oxygen |
| an organism whose cell or cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles | eukaryote |
| Ingredients necessary for photosynthesis | Light, carbon dioxide and water |
| Ingredients necessary for aerobic cellular respiration | Oxygen and sugar |
| long hairlike extensions from a cell membrane; aid in movement | flagella or flagellum |
| a cellular organelle that collects chemicals from the cytoplasm and processes and packages them | golgi body or apparatus |
| organelle that produces vesicles involved in transport and secretion of proteins | Golgi body or apparatus |
| The phase of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm | Glycolysis |
| an organelle that contains digestive enzymes for digesting worn out cell parts or foreign substances | lysosome |
| The primary product of photosynthesis | sugar/glucose |
| Any substances that absorb light | pigments |
| the cellular organelles in which food is broken down to release usable energy | mitochondria |
| control center of the cell | nucleus or nuclei |
| area of the cell outside the nucleus, containing cell organelles | cytoplasm |
| the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | osmosis |
| Substances on the left side of a chemical equation | reactants |
| the passage of substances across a membrane without the use of cellular energy | passive transport |
| a unicular organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; classified in kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. | prokaryote |
| a cellular organelle that directs the assembling of proteins | ribosome |
| allowing only certain molecules to pass through | selectively permeable |
| the thin covering that cells have is the___________ | cell membrane |
| What type of transport is osmosis? | passive |
| What type of transport requires a cell to expend its own energy? | Active transport |
| Cells of plants, bacteria and algea and other organism in addition to a cell membrane also have _____. | Cell walls |
| What is the function of ribosomes? | to manufacture proteins |
| Which organelle collects and processes complex chemicals for the cell? | Golgi Apparatus |
| The cell membrane is made of two layers of ___________. | lipids |
| the structures in the nucleus that contain DNA | chromosomes |
| what is embedded in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane | proteins |
| the major cellular structure that contains the chromosomes | nucleus |
| Organisms that make their own food ( plants) | Producers |
| Obtains energy by feeding on other organisms | Consumer |
| the breakdown of an energy source to obtain usable energy for the cell | Cellular respiration |
| a special molecule that temporarily stores a useable amount of energy | ATP |
| Process in which sugar fragments disassembled | cellular respiration |
| Process in which ADP molecules become ATP molecules | aerobic cellular respiration |
| Process in which carbon dioxide is produced and released | Aerobic cellular respiration |
| without oxygen | anaerobic |
| Alcoholic fermentation & Lactic acid fermentation are types of | Anaerobic cellular respiration |
| Specific process used by fungi (yeast) and some bacteria to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen. | Alcoholic fermentation |
| Specific process performed in muscle cells and some bacteria when oxygen is in short supply | Lactic acid fermentation |
| Products of aerobic cellular respiration | ATP, carbon dioxide and water |
| organelle which is the primary site of cellular respiration | mitochondrion |
| compartment of the cell which stores most of the genetic information | nucleus |
| Another term for anaerobic cellular respiration | Fermentation |
| folded membranes which form passage ways for transport in the cell | endoplasmic reticulum |
| Substances that make bread dough rise | Leavening agents |
| Products of alcoholic fermentation | Alcohol, carbon dioxide and ATP |
| rigid layer, made mostly of cellulose, which gives shape to the cell | cell wall |
| Products of lactic acid fermentation | Lactic acid and ATP |
| Location where cellular respiration begins | Cytoplasm near the mitochondria |
| Location where aerobic cellular respiration occurs | Mitochondria |
| organelle which is the site of photosynthesis | chloroplast |
| The type of cellular respiration that is most efficient | Aerobic cellular respiration |
| The organisms that perform alcoholic fermentation | Yeasts and some bacteria |
| The location of anaerobic cellular respiration. | Some bacteria and human muscles |
| The actual substance that causes bread dough to rise. | carbon dioxide |
| What is added to ADP to make ATP? | phosphate and energy |
| group of similar cells that perform a particular function | tissue |
| A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body | Organ |
| What are the three statements of the Cell Theory? | All living things are made of cells; Cells carry on the functions of living things; All cells come from pre-existing cells. |
| What are the two parts of the cytoplasm? | organelles and cytosol |
| A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some bacteria, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces. | capsule |
| cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell | Lysosomes |
| type of cells without a nucleus | Prokaryotic |
| type of cells with a nucleus | Eukaryotic |
| The first set of lenses that light passes through in a microscope is called the | objective |
| The part of a microscope that regulates the amount of light that passes through the specimen is called the | diaphragm |
| Another name for the ocular lens is the | eyepiece |
| The two parts used to carry a microscope | arm and base |
| The first step of cellular respiration | glycolysis |
| the part of a microscope where you lay the slide or specimen | stage |
Created by:
Mr.JFoster
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