Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO 112 EXAM 1
try your best
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Robert Hooke, 1665 | - English Physician - used a simple microscope to examine cork tissue - Also came up with the term "cells" |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | - developed powerful microscopes - observed single-celled organisms in pond water |
| Rudolph Virchow | - proposed that all cells arise from preexisting cells in 1858 - the idea that all organisms are made of cells |
| Italian researcher in the 1670s | plant tissues were composed of individual cells |
| German biologist | claimed that all organisms consist of cells |
| What is a proton? | particles that are positively charged |
| What is an electron? | particles with negative charge |
| What is a neutron? | particles with no charge |
| What do orbitals allow? | each orbital allows certain number of electrons |
| What are valence electrons? | the number of electrons needed to fill out an orbital shell |
| what do valence electrons create? | covalent bonds |
| What is the max of electrons for all three shells in valence electrons? | 1st shell - 2 electrons 2nd shell - 8 electrons 3rd shell - 8 electrons |
| What are covalent bonds? | electrons interacting with other electrons pair between the various atoms |
| Inert | a substance that is not chemically reactive |
| Eukaryotic cells | have a membrane bound nucleus |
| Prokaryotic cell | do not have a membrane bound nucleus |
| Most prokaryotic cells are.. | bacteria |
| What is positive control? | When you know what the result is going to be & it’s a positive result |
| What is an Early Earth? | no ozone layer so high energy photons from sunlight reach the surface |
| What are Autotrophs? | organisms that can produce their own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals |
| What are Amino Acids? | the monomers that are building blocks of protein |
| What is Diffusion? | the slow movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| What is Osmosis? | the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a membrane |
| How are B-sheets formed? | by hydrogen bonds between protein strands |
| What are Nacre? | made up of mostly B-sheets |
| What's a Dimer? | a molecule or molecular complex consisting of two identical linked together |
| What's a Hetero-Dimer? | a protein composed of two polypeptide chains differing in composition in the order, number, or kind of their amino acid residues |
| Whats a Homo-Dimer? | a protein composed of two polypeptide chains that are identical in the order, number, & kind of their amino acid residues. |
| What is Cellulose used in? | used in the hard outer cell wall of plants as the major structural component. |
| What is Chitin used for? | used for the cell walls of fungai cells |
| What's a Lipid? | an organic compound, found in organisms, that is primarily non-polar & hydrophobic |
| What's cholesterol? | it fills the space between lipid tails, allows closer packing, decreases fluidity |
| What are Temperature Effects? | higher temperatures increase fluidity & permeability |
| What's Facilitated Diffusion assisted by? | a type of membrane protein called an ionophore. |
| What are the different bonds? | hydrogen, covalent, & ionic |
| What are the different states of matter? | solid, liquid, & gas |
| What do molecules & ions do during diffusion? | they move downhill along electrochemical gradients |
| Where do Hydrogen bonds form between? | water molecules & peptide chains |
| How do Hydrogen bonds make water a special molecule? | - they make water an excellent temperature buffer - water's polarity allows it to act as a donor of hydroxide (OH-) & hydrogen (H+) - Since water is able to form hydrogen bonds, water has a high boiling point & low freezing point |
| The cell is.. | the fundamental structural unit in ALL cellular organisms |
| All cells arise from.. | pre-existing cells |
| All cellular organisms are related by.. | - their common ancestry from the beginning of life - changed over time due to natural selection |
| What are the 3 parts that a cell consists of? | - the cell membrane - the nucleus - between the two, the cytoplasm |
| All organisms are composed of.. | cells |
| Pattern component of the cell theory | a pattern observed in nature |
| What is the Basis of PH? | a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution |
| What are the Functions of sugar? | - Nutrient for energy - Nutrient storage - Structural function in a cell wall of plants or other structures - Signal transduction function |
| Why is water so important biochemically? | - most nutrients are dissolved in water - water helps transport food & wastes in and out of the cell - water is the medium for most chemical reactions - water makes up on average to 65-75% of a cell's mass |
| What are the functions of protein? | - structural- important for the cytoskeleton structure - Enzymatic activity - Signal transduction functions - Nutrient |
| What do Peptide bonds go with? | amino acids & proteins |
| Why are amino acids called amino acids? | they have organic acids |
| What is a Condensation reaction? | a reaction in which two molecules combine to form a single molecule. |
| What are the 4 key components? | - control groups - treatments must be handled identically - randomizing miscellaneous effects - repetition on numerous individuals reduced the amount of distortion in the results |
| Structure of protein: PRIMARY | each amino acid bound to one another into a linear chain |
| Structure of protein: Secondary | the formation of a-helices & B-pleated sheets |
| Structure of protein: Tertiary | overall three dimensional shape of a polypeptide |
| Structure of protein: Quaternary | shape produced by combinations of polypeptides |
| What are Ionic bonds? | A form of chemical connection in which one atom loses valence electrons & gains them from another |
| RNA: Primary Structure | single strand of ribonucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds |
| RNA: Secondary Structure | stem-loop hairpins may form by internal H-bonding |
| Biological molecules are.. | - molecules that make up living organisms |
| Chemical Evolution? | - Simple molecules in atmosphere of ancient Earth - Reduced carbon containing compounds - First carbon-carbon bonds |
| Triose | C3 H6 O3 |
| Pentose | C5 H10 O5 |
| Hextose | C6 H12 O6 |
| How do Macromolecules form? | condensation between sugar monomers or amino acids |
| The 2 Chemical Reactions are.. | - Anabolic - Catabolic |
| Functions of Nucleic Acids: DNA | - Carries the genetic information - Indirectly controls all cellular functions |
| Functions of Nucleic Acids: RNA | - A messenger molecule for DNA to help code for making proteins - Carries amino acids to help synthesize proteins - Has some enzymatic activities |
| Functions of Lipids: | - Structural function (major component of membranes) - Used for signal transduction outside a cell - Used for a signal transduction inside a cell - Energy nutrient - Nutrient Storage |
| Functions of Cell Membranes: | - Separate internal environment from external environment - Provide a selective barrier: allows only certain molecules to pass through - Concentrate reactants & increase reaction efficiency |
Created by:
jasminesantiago
Popular Biology sets