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skin and bones
chapters 5-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hematopoiesis | Blood cell formation |
| Osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| Spongy bone | location of red bone marrow |
| Chondrocytes | Cartilage cells |
| Osteoblast | Bone forming cells, immature |
| Diaphysis | shaft of a long bone, primary ossification center |
| Medullary Cavity | Hollow space in the shaft |
| Epiphysis | Expanded portion of the long bone at its ends, site of secondary ossification |
| Periosteum | Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of long bones |
| Endosteum | Thin connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity |
| Osteogenesis | process of bone formation |
| Intramembranous ossification | replacement of connective tissue membranes with bony tissue |
| Interstitial Growth | Growth from the inside out |
| Endochondral ossification | replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue (formation of long bones) |
| Epiphyseal Plate | growth region in long bone (lengthwise) |
| Appositional growth | growth of bone diameter |
| Canaliculi | Narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extension of osteocytes |
| Osteon | functional unit of compact bone |
| Trabeculae | tiny plates of bone material in spongy bone |
| Lamellae | concentric rings that surround the haversian canal |
| Volkmanns Canal | perforating canals that carry interconnected blood vessels to the haversian canal |
| Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from? | within the cartilage. |
| Characterize appositional cartilage growth | chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage |
| a bone that is longer than it is wide, has a shaft plus two ends. (limb bones) | |
| Projections | Muscle attachment |
| Tuberosity | Large rounded projection, may be roughened |
| Crest | narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent |
| Trochanter | only in femur, large blunt irregularly shapped process |
| Line | narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest |
| Epicondyle | raised area on or above a condyle |
| Spine | sharp slender often pointed projection |
| Projections | forming joints |
| Head | bony expansion carried on a narrow neck |
| Facet | smooth nearly flat articular surface |
| Condyle | Rounded articular projection |
| Ramus | handelike bar of bone |
| Haversian(central) canal | runs through the core of each osteon and contains small blood vessels and nerve fibers |
| Osteon | structural unit of compact bone runs parallel to the long axis of the bone. |
| Volkmann’s canal | lie at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connect the blood and nerve of the periosteum to those in the central canl |
| Lucunae | small hollow depressions found at the junctions of the lamellae |
| Lamellae | a layer such as bone matrix in the osteon of a bone |
| yellow fat cavity | |
| Red marrow | found within trabecular cavities of long bones and in the dipole of flat bones |
| Endosteum | connective tissue connecting internal bone surfaces |
| Trabeculae | thin plate of bone in spongy bone |
| Fissure | Narrow slitlike opening |
| Foramen | round or oval opening through a bone |
| Haversian(central) canal | runs through the core of each osteon and contains small blood vessels and nerve fibers |
| Osteon | structural unit of compact bone runs parallel to the long axis of the bone. |
| Volkmann’s canal | lie at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connect the blood and nerve of the periosteum to those in the central canl |
| Lucunae | small hollow depressions found at the junctions of the lamellae |
| Lamellae | a layer such as bone matrix in the osteon of a bone |
| sebaceous glands belong to which class | simple branched aveolar |
| What is not a derravitive of the epidermis | dermal palpae |
| What is the glycolipid the functions in preventing waterloss | lamenated granules |
| what is not a component of the integumentary system | hypodermis |
| What is the most immeadite threat to life in a burn | loss of fluids |
| Which skin strata is the thickest | stratum corneum |
| keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum are known as | |
| fingerprints represent the sweat patterns left by | epidermal ridges |
| the process of bone growth at the epispheal plate is similar to | endochondral ossification |
| interstitial growth. | a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate |
| steps of intramembrous occification | 1. Formation of an ossification center in the fibrous membrane 2. Formation of bone matrix within the fibrous membrane 3. Formation of woven bone and the periosteum 4. Formation of compact bone plates and red marrow |
| Stages of Endochondral Ossification | 1. Formation of bone collar around the diaphysis 2. Calcification of the cartilage in the center of the diaphysis 3. Invasion of internal cavities by periosteum bud spongy bone forms 4. Formation of medulary cavity 5. Ossification of the epiphisis |
| Stages of growth in the long Bone | 1. Catilage cells undergo mitosis 2. Cartilage cells undergo hytrophy and followed by calcification of the matrix 3. Dead cartilage cells appear, matrix deteriorates 4. Ossification of epiphyseal plate near the medulary cavity |
| sebaceous glands belong to which class | simple branched aveolar |
| What is not a derravitive of the epidermis | dermal palpae |
| What is the glycolipid the functions in preventing waterloss | lamenated granules |
| what is not a component of the integumentary system | hypodermis |
| What is the most immeadite threat to life in a burn | loss of fluids |
| Which skin strata is the thickest | stratum corneum |
| keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum are known as | |
| fingerprints represent the sweat patterns left by | epidermal ridges |
| the process of bone growth at the epispheal plate is similar to | endochondral ossification |
| interstitial growth. | a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate |
| steps of intramembrous occification | 1. Formation of an ossification center in the fibrous membrane 2. Formation of bone matrix within the fibrous membrane 3. Formation of woven bone and the periosteum 4. Formation of compact bone plates and red marrow |
| Stages of Endochondral Ossification | 1. Formation of bone collar around the diaphysis 2. Calcification of the cartilage in the center of the diaphysis 3. Invasion of internal cavities by periosteum bud spongy bone forms 4. Formation of medulary cavity 5. Ossification of the epiphisis |
| Stages of growth in the long Bone | 1. Catilage cells undergo mitosis 2. Cartilage cells undergo hytrophy and followed by calcification of the matrix 3. Dead cartilage cells appear, matrix deteriorates 4. Ossification of epiphyseal plate near the medulary cavity |
| Which bone encompasses the pituitary gland | sphenoid bone |
| Is the pectoral girdle part of the axial skeleton | No |
| At the distal end the femur articulate with what bone? | Tibia |
| How many regions of the vertebral column are there | 5 |
| the calvaria is another name for | cranial vault |
| the frontal sinus are located | lateral to the glabella |
| which cranial bone recieves the mandibular condyle | temporal bone |
| which suture is most likely to contain sutural bones | lambdoid |
| a fetal vertebral column is formed by how many bones | 33 |
| in a child over 6 the vetebral column is formed by how many bones | 24 |
| c7 is known as the | vertebrous prominous |
| the jugular knotch is in line with the | 2nd and third thoracic vertebra where the carotoid is issued from the aorta |
| the sternal angle is a | cartilinageous joint that acts as a hinge during respiration |
| What is the most common abnormality of the appendicular skeleton | hip displasia |
| vertebrae with enhanced weight baring capacity | lumbar |
| the gluteal tuberoisity is found on the | femur |
| False ribs | do not have a direct sternal attachement |
| floating ribs | Lack antior attachments |
| joints | site where two bones meet |
| synarthroses | immovable joint |
| amphiarthroses | slightly moveable joint |
| diarthroses | freely movable joint |
| what two classes of joints are likely found in the axial skeleton? | synarthroses and amphiarthroses |
| what class of joint is seen only in the appendicular skeleton? | diarthroses |
| fibrous joints | bones joined by a dense fibrous connective tissue, unmovable with no joint cavity |
| sutures/ synostoses | seams in the bones of the skull |
| syndesmoses | bones are connect by ligaments cords or bands of fibrous tissue |
| gomphosis | peg in socket joint |
| catilaginous joints | articuling bone are united by cartilage, imoveable no joint cavity |
| what are the two tyes of cartilaginous joints | synchondrosis and symphyses |
| what are the three types of fibrous joints | sutures, syndesmoses, gomphosis |
| synovial joints | freely moveable joints seperated by a joint cavity. |
| most joints of the appendicular skeleton are classified as | synovial joints |
| what are the 6 distinguishing charachteristics of synovial joints | hyline cartilage, synovial cavity, articular capsule, synovial membrane, reinforcing ligaments, and nerves and blood vessels |
| Articular joint capsule | outer layer of joint capsule |
| synovial fluid | viscous bluid that occupyes all free space within an joint capsule |
| What are the two types of reinforcing ligaments | capsular, intrinsic |
| fatty pad | extra cushioning between synovial membrane and bone |
| minisci | improve fit between articulating bone ends |
| tendon sheath | elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon |
| bursae | flattened fibrous sac that occur where ligaments muscles skin tendons or bones rub together |
Created by:
Renee Fazio
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