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unit 1 review slides

QuestionAnswer
number of naturally occurring elements 92
unstable nucleus radioisotope
outermost electrons valence electrons
elements common to living things 25
sum of protons and neutrons atomic mass
occupies space, has mass element
same protons, differing neutrons isotope
space where electrons are likely to be orbital
2 or more atoms held together by a bong molecule
negatively charged ion anion
positively charged ion cation
water's ability to cling to another substance adhesion
water's hydrogen bonds are more organized when frozen, less organized when liquid density
water absorbs heat in its hydrogen bonds temperature stabilizing effect
water has a slight tendency to dissociate ionization
water has a tendency to rise in thin tubes capillary action
water changes from a liquid to gas heat of vaporization
hydrogen bonds hold water molecules to each other cohesion
water forms a "skin" making it difficult to break the surface surface tension
carbohydrate monomer monosaccharides
carbohydrate uses energy, storage of sugars, cell walls, exoskeletons
lipid monomer fatty acids and glycerol
lipid uses making hormones, keep aquatic birds and mammals dry, cell membranes, energy storage
protein monomer amino acids
protein uses repari and make cells, enzymes
nucleic acid monomer nucleotides
nucleic acid uses genetic material, carry info in cells
dehydration synthesis process of putting together monomers to form polymers, Hydrogen molecule of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of another monomer, releasing a molecule of water
hydrolisis polymers are broken down into monomers using water, one monomer gains (H+), the other gains (OH-)
two commons carbohydrate disaccharides are... lactose and sucrose
three carbohydrate monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, fructose
which polysaccharide has a beta configuration in plants? cellulose
humans store excess sugar in the liver as this molecule glycogen
what group of organisms make and use chitin for their exoskeletons? arthropods
cellulose is a straight polymer chain of sugar while glycogen has... many branches
starch has an alpha configuration, which means the molecule is helical (twist)
animals store lipids in cells that are called adipocytes
fat that contains one or more double bonds is said to be unsaturated
this fat has a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end phospholipids
a ringed lipid that makes up part of cell membranes phospholipids
name of the functional group attached to fatty acids carboxyl
3 fatty acids and a glycerol makes one of these triglyceride
a fat that contains no double bonds is usually saturated
structure level when protein is bent and folded on top of itself tertiary
the final shape of a protein determines its function
proteins are polymers of these monomers amino acids
structure level of a protein produced from a chain of amino acids primary
unraveling of a protein when it is heated denaturization
structure level when protein is coiled and pleated secondary
2 or more polypeptides bonded together create this level quaternary
the monomer used to build nucleic acids nucleotides
DNA contains the instructions for building these molecules proteins
bases that have only one ring are called pyramidines
RNA substitues this base for thymine uracil
bases that have a double ring are called this purines
contain only C and H, used for energy hydrocarbons
removal of a water molecule dehydration
adding water molecule to split molecule hydrolysis
subunits that join together to form large molecules monomers
the exception to the organic rule carbon dioxide
what is the type formula called that describes carbohydrates? (CH2O) stoichiometric formula - a formula that describes a basic ratio of reactants
Created by: mortehay000
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