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8 Top 2.3-2.5

Topic 2: Genes & Heredity

TermDefinition
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring
protein synthesis the process by which amino acids link together to form proteins
messenger RNA type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
transfer RNA type of RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis
variation any difference between individuals of the same species
sex chromosomes the pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is biologically male or female
autosomal chromosomes the 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
mutation any change in the DNA of a gene or a chromosome
sex-linked genes a gene carried on a sex-chromosome
artificial selection the process by which humans breed only those organisms with desired traits to produce the next generation; selective breeding
genetic engineering the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits
gene therapy the process of replacing an absent or faulty gene with a normal working gene to treat a medical disease or disorder
clone an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced
genome the complete set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA
Created by: muellershauna
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