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Biology Honors:Unit2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotic cell | has no nucleus, fewer organelles |
| Protist cell | unicellular and has membrane bound organelles |
| Plant cell | a cell that has a cell wall, a large vacule, chlorophyll |
| Animal cell | a cell that has many membrane bound organelles in cytoplasm |
| Cell/Plasma membrane | controls what enters and leaves the cell, in both plant and animal cells |
| Rough ER | synthesises protein for the cell |
| Smooth ER | synthesises and stores lipids |
| Golgi apparatus | processes proteins |
| Lysosome | cleans up and breaks down waste |
| Mitochondria | creates ATP |
| Chloroplast | produces energy during photosynthesis in a plant cell |
| Cell Wall | shapes and gives structure to the cell, only present in plant cell |
| Flagella | a tail that controls movement |
| Cytoskeleton | maintains structure of plant cell |
| Nucleus | part of certain cells where DNA is stored |
| Passive transport | transport from areas of high to low concentrations, does not require energy |
| Simple diffusion | when substances move across the membrane without the help of transport proteins |
| Osmosis | diffusion through water |
| Hypotonic/Hypertonic/Isotonic | Hypotonic- lower salinity inside and higher on the outside Hypertonic- higher salinity inside and lower on the outside Isotonic- equal amounts of salinity (equalibrium) |
| Facilitated diffusion | passive transport of molecules along the concentration gradient |
| Active transport | transport from areas of low to high concentrations, requires energy |
| Channel protein | a transport protein, allows water to diffuse across the membrane fast |
| Carrier protein | transports substances across the membrane |
| Endocytosis/Exocytosis | Endocytosis- how a cell takes in substances from outside of a cell, pulls them into a vesicle Exocytosis- when large substances exit from the cell to the outside using vesicles |
| SA:V ratios | amount of salinity present in a substance |
| G1 | in interphase, cell growth |
| S | when the chromosomes are duplicated in interphase |
| G2 | continued growth in interphase |
| G0 | when chromosomes DNA isn't duplicated correctly, where a cell can repair itself |
| Interphase | stage before mitosis begins (PMAT) |
| Mitosis | cell division that creates 2 daughter cells with equal numbers of chromosomes |
| Prophase | first stage, when chromatids first have pairs |
| Metaphase | second stage, when chromosomes attatch to the spindle fibers |
| Anaphase | third stage, when the chromosomes move away from each other to opposite poles |
| Telophase | final stage, when the chromosomes are on opposite ends of the cell and 2 nuclei are formed |
| Cytokinesis | the separation of cytoplasm to create 2 separeate daughter cells |
| Cell Plate | wall dividing the daughter cells |
| Cleavage Furrow | form of cytokinesis, splitting of the membrane |
| Checkpoints | places that the cycle can pause until it is ready to proceed to the next stage |
Created by:
emersonbaxter
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