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B-Ch. 1&2 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Observation | process of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way |
| Inference | a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience |
| Hypothesis | possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question |
| Controlled Experiment | experiment in which only one variable is changed |
| Independent Variable | factor in a controlled experiment that is deliberately changed, also called manipulated variable |
| Dependent Variable | variable that is observed and that changes in response to the independent variable; also called the responding variable |
| Control Group | group in an experiment that is exposed to the same conditions as the experiment group except for one independent variable |
| Data | evidence; information gathered from observations |
| Theory | well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypotheses, and enables scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations |
| Bias | a particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific |
| Biology | scientific study of life |
| Sexual Reproduction | type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unit to form the first cell of a new organism |
| Asexual Reproduction | process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| DNA | genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents |
| Metabolism | the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials |
| Stimulus | signal to which an organism responds |
| Homeostasis | relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain |
| Evolve | to change over time |
| Atom | the basic unit of matter |
| Nucleus | in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA |
| Electron | negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus |
| Element | pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| Isotope | one of several forms of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| Compound | substance formed by the chemical combinations of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| Ionic Bond | chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| Covalent Bond | type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared |
| Molecule | smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound |
| Van der Waals Forces | slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| Hydrogen Bond | weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom |
| Cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecules |
| Mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| Solution | type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed |
| Solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| Solvent | dissolving substance in a solution |
| Suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved material |
| pH Scale | scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic |
| Acid | a compound that forms hydrogen ions (h+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7 |
| Base | a compound tat produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7 |
| Buffer | a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| Monomer | small chemical unit that makes up a polymer |
| Polymer | molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules |
| Carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body |
| Lipid | macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| Nucleotide | subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base |
| Nucleic Acid | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| Protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair |
| Amino Acid | compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| Chemical Reaction | process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| Reactant | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Product | elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| Activation Energy | energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| Catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| Substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
Created by:
shmonge1
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