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BIO EXAM 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 nucleotides (or 1 codon) translates to | 1 amino acid |
| Functions of DNA | Replication and Gene expression |
| meiosis has ______ gametes | haploid |
| mitosis has _____ gametes | diploid |
| G1 | cells grow out and carries normal metabolism |
| S phase | DNA replicates and DNA duplicates |
| G2 | cell grows and prepares for mitosis |
| Interphase | chromosomes duplicate to produce sister chromatids |
| Prophase | duplicated chromosome condense |
| Metaphase | Duplicated chromosomes line up individually to equatorial plane of the cell |
| Anaphase | sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome move to opposite poles of the cell. |
| Telephase | membrane forms between daughter cells (cytokinesis) |
| Prophase 1 | replicated chromosomes become visible |
| Metaphase 1 | paired chromosome pairs align across the plate of spindle |
| Anaphase 1 | homologous chromosomes pairs separate and migrate toward opposite poles |
| Telophase 1 | chromosomes with two sister chromatids complete migration towards poles and starts to split into 2 |
| Prophase 2 | chromosomes condense and move to metaphase plate |
| Metaphase 2 | kinetochores connect to spindle fibers and chromosomes align |
| Anaphase 2 | sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles as separte chromosomes |
| Telophase 2 | nuclear membrane forms and prepares for cytokinesis (where 4 haploid cells form) |
| chromosomes and chromatids in the beginning of meiosis 1 | 2n 2c |
| chromosomes and chromatids in Metaphase 1 | 2n 4c |
| chromosomes and chromatids in the end of meiosis 1/ start of meiosis 2 | 1n 2c |
| chromosomes and chromatids in Metaphase 2 | 2n 4c |
| chromosomes and chromatids in the end of meiosis 2 | 4 haploid cells 1n 1n |
| Charles Darwin | Theory of evolution, “Origin of Species by Natural Selection”, 1858. Inheritance carried by particles (“gemmules”) |
| Gregor Mendel's Theory | Like Darwin’s theory, a particulate theory, but with clear laws. (Alleles and genes) |
| Boveri | All chromosomes needed for growth and function of organisms |
| Sutton | observation of chromosomes in meiosis |
| What is the chamce that a child with two heterozygous parents and a sibling with the recessive traits will be heterozygous? | 2/3 |
| incomplete dominance | heterozygote has phenotype different from either homozygote |
| O allele has | only 4 sugar chain and lacks functional enzyme to add another sugar |
| A allele enzyme adds | an N-acetyl glucosamine residue to cxhain |
| B allele enzyme | adds a galactose residue |
| HLA is important for | transplant matching |
| What is the chance of a sibling matching the HLA genotype of a child needing a transplant | 1/4 |
| Chi-squared formula | ((O-E)^2)/E |
| wildtype allele | produces functional polypeptide, which has wild type phenotype |
| amorph allele | recessive and does not produce a functional polypeptide, which has severe mutant phenotype |
| hypomorph | recessive and produces a partially functional polypeptide. which has a mild mutant phenotype |
| neomorph | produces a polypeptide with a new function |
| hypermorph | dominant allele produces excess protein |
| transcription | copying |
| translations | to change |
| synapsis | pairing and crossing over |
| who rediscovered Mendel's work?? | Hugo de fries, Carl correns, Eric Tschermak |
| results of mendel's dihybrid cross | 9:3:31 |
Created by:
Marlynb1
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