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Digestion

Review of the digestion process

QuestionAnswer
What is digestion? The chemical and mechanical breakdown of food which converts large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules which can be absorbed into the blood.
What does mastication enable? Mastication (chewing), increases the surface area of the food, making it easier for the enzymes (mainly amylase) to break down food.
The end product of mastication is called what? A bolus of food.
Function of the Oesophagus Pushes down the bolus through to the stomach via a series of wave like muscular contractions. (Peristalsis) Circular muscles contract, squeezing lumen and pushing food forward.
Function of Stomach Churns up food. Contains HCl, an acid which kills microbes to prevent food poisoning and provides the low pH environment pepsin needs to break down proteins into amino acids/
Pancreatic Juice contains... Trypsin,Lipase,Amylase
Bile function Emulsifying large lipids which increase their SA so they can be broken down by lipase. Neutralises stomach acid before it enters duodenum
Colon Reabsorbs water leaving behind undigested waste material
What are the waste products of digestion Fibre which is called faeces, stored in the rectum and expelled in the anus
Amylase source, breaks down, and produces Salivary gland, starch, maltose
Maltase source, breaks down, and produces Small intestine wall, maltose, glucose
Pepsin source, breaks down, and produces Stomach, proteins, amino acids
Lipase source, breaks down, and produces Pancreas, lipids, glycerol and fatty acids
What happens to food which is not digested and absorbed? Colon reabsorbs water, leaving behind undigested waste material which is stored in the rectum and then expelled in the anus.
Two adaptions of the villi which make them good for absorption One cell thick- short diffusion pathway Extensive Network of Blood capillaries increases Surface Area
Created by: Emanscholar
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