Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Chapter 2
Chemical basis of life
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atoms | the smallest functional unit of matter |
| Protons | Positive charge in the nucleus |
| Neutrons | Neutral charge in the nucleus |
| electrons | Negative charge in orbitals |
| Protons and electrons are typically _____ | equal |
| Electrons are found | in the orbitals with the max of two |
| Valence electrons | the outermost shell |
| Atomic number | the number of protons and is unique to each element |
| Atomic number is the ______ amount of electrons | Same |
| atomic mass | Protons and neutrons combined |
| isotopes vary in | Neutrons |
| all organisms are composed of 4 elements | carbon, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, |
| compound molecule | Contains different kinds of atoms |
| types of bonds | polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, hydrogen, ionic |
| covalent bonds depend on | the number of electrons required to fill outer shell |
| Covalent bonds are | strong |
| electronegativity | is the measure of its ability to attract electrons |
| Hydrogen electronegativity | 2.20 |
| Carbon electronegativity | 2.55 |
| Nitrogen electronegativity | 3.04 |
| Oxygen electronegativity | 3.44 |
| Nonpolar is when | electrons are shared equally, Neutral |
| Polar is when | electrons are shared unequally, partially charged |
| Ionic is when | electrons are transfered |
| Examples of non polar bonds | Carbon to carbon, Carbon to hydrogen |
| Examples of polar bonds | oxygen to hydrogen, nitrogen to hydrogen, oxygen to carbon |
| Hydrogen participating in polar bonds carry partial _____ | Positive |
| Hydrogen bonds | form between a hydrogen with a partial positive charge and another electronegative atom, makes molecules sticky |
| Hydrogen bonds are a ______ attraction | weak |
| Van der waals dispersion force | are weaker than hydrogen and are temporary attractions from non polar molecules |
| Ionic bonds | is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons; leads to full stable valence shells |
| Chemicial reactions | occurs when substances are changed into another by making/ breaking chemical bonds |
| Equilibrium in chemical reactions | where reactants equal products |
| solutes | substance dissolved in a liquid |
| Solvent | the liquid use to dissolve substances |
| hydrophilic | (ions and polar molecules) water loving, dissolves in water |
| Hydrophobic | (non polar molecules) water fearing, doesn't dissolve in water |
| Amphipathic | have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties |
| Water is extremely stable as a | Liquid |
| Acid _____ [H+] | increase |
| Base _____ [H+] | Decrease |
| pH | is a measure of H+ concentration, ranges from 0-14 |
| The relationship between pH and [H+] | inversely related, Increase in pH --> decrease in [H+] |
| Acidic value | below 7, has more H+ than OH- |
| Alkaline/ base value | greater than 7, has more OH- than H+ |
| buffer | a substance that prevents pH changes |
Created by:
BananaBread12
Popular Biology sets