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Sociology Ch.3 vocab
exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social identities | the socially constructed categories and subcategories of people in which we place ourselves or are placed by others |
| Distinction | active efforts to affirm identity categories and place ourselves and others into their subcategories |
| Positive distinction | the claim that members of our own group are superior to members of other groups |
| In-group bias | preferential treatment of members of our own group and mistreatment of others |
| Minimal group paradigm | the tendency of people to form groups and actively distinguish themselves from others for the most trivial of reasons |
| Social identity theory | the idea that people are inclined to form social groups, incorporate group membership into their identity, take steps to enforce group boundaries, and maximize positive distinction and in-group success |
| Sexual minorities | people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or otherwise non-heterosexual |
| Race | a socially meaningful set of artificial distinctions falsely based on superficial and imagined biological differences |
| Psychological wage | a noneconomic good given to one group as a measure of superiority over other groups |
| One-drop rule | the idea that anyone with any trace of Black ancestry should be considered Black |
| Blood quantum rule | a law limiting legal recognition of American Indians to those who have at least a certain level of documented indigenous ancestry |
| Ethnicity | an identity based on collective memories of a shared history and distinctive culture |
| Gender | the ideas, traits, interests, and skills that we associate with being biologically male or female |
| Sex | a reference to physical traits related to sexual reproduction |
| Gender binary | the idea that people come in two and only two types, males who are masculine and females who are feminine |
| Intersex | people with physical characteristics typical of both people assigned male and people assigned female at birth |
| Cisgender | people who are assigned male at birth who identify as men as well as people assigned female at birth who identify as women |
| Transgender | people assigned male at birth who don't identify as men as well as people assigned female at birth who don't identify as women |
| Nonbinary | people who identify as both man and woman or neither man nor woman |
| Steoreotype | clusters of ideas attached by social convention to people with specific social identities |
| Content analysis | a research method that involves counting and describing patterns of themes in media |
| Doing identity | the active performance of social identities |
| Consumption | the use of wages to purchase goods and services |
| Conspicuous consumption | spending elaborately on items and services with the sole purpose of displaying one's wealth |
| Stigma | a personal attribute that is widely devalued by members of one's society |
| Controlling images | pervasive negative stereotypes that serve to justify or uphold inequality |
| Prejudice | attitudinal bias against individuals based on their membership in a social group |
| Status | high or low esteem |
| Status beliefs | collectively shared ideas about which social groups are more or less deserving of esteem |
| Computational sociology | a research method that uses computers to extract and analyze data |
| Status elite | people who carry many positively regarded social identities |
| Intersectionality | the recognition that our lives are shaped by multiple interacting identities |
Created by:
msohniaa
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