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Weather Vocab
Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thermal Energy | the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles that make up the object |
| Energy | the ability to do work |
| Convection | motion in a gas or liquid in which the warmer portions rise and the colder portions sink |
| Jet Stream | a fast, narrow current of air flowing from west to east that encircles the globe |
| Coriolis Effect | the deflection of an object moving on or near the surface caused by the planet's spin |
| Global Winds | winds that occur in belts that go all around the planet |
| Trade Winds | air currents closer to Earth's surface that blow from east to west near the equator |
| Westerlies | Permanent winds that blow in the middle latitudes |
| Polar Easterlies | dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the east |
| Doldrums | the belt around the Earth near the equator where sailing ships sometimes get stuck on windless waters |
| Horse Latitudes | subtropical regions known for calm winds and little precipitation |
| Local Wind Patterns | air that flows over a smaller area of the Earth due to differences in air pressure |
| Sea Breeze | As the warm air over the land is rising, the cooler air over the ocean is flowing over the land surface to replace the rising warm air |
| Land Breeze | The denser cool air over the land is flowing offshore to replenish the buoyant warm air |
| Atmosphere | a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth |
| Troposphere | the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere |
| Stratosphere | a layer of Earth's atmosphere; it is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward |
| Mesosphere | the highest layer of the atmosphere in which the gases are all mixed up rather than being layered by their mass |
| Thermosphere | the layer of a planet's atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the exosphere |
| Exosphere | the outermost layer of our atmosphere |
| Oxygen | A nonmetallic element that exists in its free form as a colorless, odorless gas and makes up about 21 percent of the Earth's atmosphere |
| Nitrogen | A nonmetallic element that makes up about 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume, occurring as a colorless, odorless gas |
| Argon | a colorless odorless inert gaseous element found in the air and in volcanic gases and used especially in welding, lasers, and electric bulbs |
| Trace Gases | gases that are present in small amounts within an environment such as a planet's atmosphere |
| Water Vapor | water in a gaseous form especially when below boiling temperature and spread through the atmosphere |
| Air Pressure | the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth |
| Mercury Barometer | tool that determines atmospheric pressure by measuring how much mercury moves in a glass tube |
| Aneroid Barometer | a device used to measure atmospheric pressure at a place |
| Low Pressure | having or involving a low or below-normal pressure, as steam or water |
| High Pressure | higher pressure at its center than the areas around it |
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