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Weather Vocab
Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thermal Energy | The sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles that make up the object |
| Energy | Energy is the ability to do work |
| Convection | The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat |
| Jet Stream | Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow, meandering air currents in the atmospheres |
| Coriolis Effect | An effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force (the Coriolis force ) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation |
| Global Winds | Winds that occur in belts that go all around the planet |
| Trade Winds | The trade winds or easterlies are the permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region |
| Westerlies | Meteorol the prevailing winds blowing from the west on the poleward sides of the horse latitudes, often bringing depressions and anticyclones |
| Polar Easterlies | Polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow around the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the North and South Poles |
| Doldrums | A state of inactivity or stagnation, as in business or art |
| Horse Latitudes | The horse latitudes are the latitudes about 30 degrees north and south of the Equator |
| Local Wind Patterns | The main types of local winds are sea breezes and land breezes, Anabatic and katabatic winds, and Foehn winds |
| SeaBreeze | A breeze blowing toward the land from the sea, especially during the day owing to the relative warmth of the land |
| Land Breeze | A breeze blowing toward the sea from the land, especially at night, owing to the relative warmth of the sea |
| Atmosphere | The protective bubble in which we live |
| Troposphere | The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth |
| Stratosphere | The stratosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. It is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward. The troposphere, the lowest layer, is right below the stratosphere. The next higher layer above the stratosphere is the mesosphere |
| Mesosphere | The highest layer of the atmosphere in which the gases are all mixed up rather than being layered by their mass |
| Thermosphere | The thermosphere is the layer in the Earth's atmosphere directly above the mesosphere and below the exosphere |
| Exosphere | The outermost region of a planet's atmosphere |
| Oxygen | A colorless gas, one of the chemical elements, that forms a large part of the air on earth and is needed to keep most living things alive and to create fire |
| Nitrogen | A colorless tasteless odorless element that occurs as a gas which makes up 78 percent of the atmosphere and that forms a part of all living tissues |
| Argon | A chemical element in the eighteen group of the periodic table |
| Trace Gases | Trace gases are gases that are present in small amounts within an environment such as a planet's atmosphere |
| Water Vapor | Water evaporates from the Earth's surface and rises on warm updrafts into the atmosphere |
| Air Pressure | The pressure of a gas is then a measure of the linear momentum of the molecules of a gas |
| Mercury Barometer | An instrument used for measuring the change in atmospheric pressure |
| Aneroid Barometer | Has a sealed metal chamber that expands and contracts, depending on the atmospheric pressure around it |
| Low Pressure | A condition of the atmosphere in which the pressure is below average |
| High Pressure | A condition of the atmosphere in which the pressure is above average |
| Water Cycle | The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or the hydrological cycle, is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth |
| Evaporate | Evaporate means to turn liquid into vapor |
| Condensation | Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization |
| Runoff | Occurs when there is more water than land can absorb |
| Meteorologist | A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather |
| Cirrus | Cirrus is a genus of high cloud made of ice crystals |
| Stratus | Cloud forming a continuous horizontal gray sheet, often with rain or snow |
| Nimbus | A luminous cloud or a halo surrounding a supernatural being or a saint |
| Cumulus | Cloud forming rounded masses heaped on each other above a flat base at fairly low altitude |
| Air Mass | A body of air with horizontally uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure |
| Weather | The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc |
| Climate | The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period |
| Forecast | Predict or estimate (a future event or trend) |
| Temperature | The degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch |
| Front | The side or part of an object that presents itself to view or that is normally seen or used first; the most forward part of something |
| Humidity | A quantity representing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere or in a gas. |
| High Pressure System | A condition of the atmosphere in which the pressure is above average (e.g. in an anticyclone) |
| Low Pressure System | A condition of the atmosphere in which the pressure is below average (e.g. in a depression) |
| Storms | A violent disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds and usually rain, thunder, lightning, or snow |
| Precipitation | In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail |
| Tornado | A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud |
| Thunderstorm | a storm with thunder and lightning and typically also heavy rain or hail |
| Hurricane | A storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean |
| Flood | A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry |
| Winter Storms | A winter storm is an event in which wind coincides with varieties of precipitation that only occur at freezing temperatures, such as snow, mixed snow and rain, or freezing rain |
| Cumulonimbus Clouds | Menacing looking multi-level clouds, extending high into the sky in towers or plumes |
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