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Weather Vocab
Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. |
| Troposphere | the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to a height of about 3.7–6.2 miles (6–10 km), which is the lower boundary of the stratosphere. |
| Stratosphere | the layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 32 miles (50 km) above the earth's surface |
| Mesosphere | the region of the earth's atmosphere above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere, between about 30 and 50 miles (50 and 80 km) in altitude. |
| Thermosphere | It is characterized by high temperature and large variability, in response to changes in solar ultraviolet radiation and solar-driven geomagnetic activity. |
| Exosphere | the very edge of our atmosphere. This layer separates the rest of the atmosphere from outer space. It's about 6,200 miles (10,000 kilometers) thick. That's almost as wide as Earth itself. |
| Oxygen | a colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. |
| Nitrogen | he chemical element of atomic number 7, a colorless, odorless unreactive gas that forms about 78 percent of the earth's atmosphere. |
| Argon | the chemical element of atomic number 18, an inert gaseous element of the noble gas group |
| Trace gasses | Trace gases are gases that are present in small amounts within an environment such as a planet's atmosphere. |
| Water vapor | Water vapor is water in gaseous instead of liquid form. It can be formed either through a process of evaporation or sublimation. |
| Air pressure | the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth. |
| Mercury Barometer | an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure in a certain location |
| Aneroid Barometer | a device for measuring atmospheric pressure without the use of fluids |
| Low pressure | a condition of the atmosphere in which the pressure is below average |
| High pressure | a condition of the atmosphere in which the pressure is above average |
| Thermal energy | produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other |
| Energy | the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity. |
| Convection | motion in a gas or liquid in which the warmer portions rise and the colder portions sink. |
| Jet stream | a narrow variable band of very strong predominantly westerly air currents encircling the globe several miles above the earth. There are typically two or three jet streams in each of the northern and southern hemispheres. |
| Coriolis Effect | circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. |
| Global winds | winds that occur in belts that go all around the planet. |
| Trade winds | the wind that flows towards the equator from the north-east in the Northern Hemisphere or from the south-east in the Southern Hemisphere |
| Westerlies | a wind blowing from the west. |
| Polar Easterlies | dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the east |
| The doldrums | a state or period of inactivity, stagnation, or depression. |
| Horse Latitudes | a belt of calm air and sea occurring in both the northern and southern hemispheres between the trade winds and the westerlies. |
| Local wind patterns | winds that blow over a limited area. |
| Seabreeze | a breeze blowing toward the land from the sea, especially during the day owing to the relative warmth of the land. |
| Land breeze | a breeze blowing toward the sea from the land, especially at night, owing to the relative warmth of the sea. |
| Water Cycle | The water cycle shows the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere. |
| Evaporate | Lose or cause to lose moisture or solvent as vapor. |
| Condensation | water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it. |
| Runoff | a further competition, election, race, etc., after a tie or inconclusive result. |
| Meteorologist | an expert in or student of meteorology; a weather forecaster. |
| Cirrus | a slender tendril or hairlike filament, such as the appendage of a barnacle, the barbel of a fish, or the intromittent organ of an earthworm. |
| Stratus | cloud forming a continuous horizontal gray sheet, often with rain or snow. |
| Nimbus | a luminous cloud or a halo surrounding a supernatural being or a saint. |
| Cumulus | cloud forming rounded masses heaped on each other above a flat base at fairly low altitude. |
| Air mass | a body of air with horizontally uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure. |
| Weather | the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc. |
| Climate | the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period. |
| Forecast | a prediction or estimate of future events, especially coming weather or a financial trend |
| Temperature | the measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any of several scales, including Fahrenheit and Celsius. |
| Front | a transition zone between two different air masses at the Earth's surface. |
| Humidity | a quantity representing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere or in a gas. |
| High Pressure System | have more air pressure than their surroundings. |
| Low Pressure System | lower pressure at its center than the areas around it |
| Storms | a violent disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds and usually rain, thunder, lightning, or snow. |
| Precipitation | the action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution. |
| Tornado | a mobile, destructive vortex of violently rotating winds having the appearance of a funnel-shaped cloud and advancing beneath a large storm system. |
| Thunderstorm | a storm with thunder and lightning and typically also heavy rain or hail. |
| Hurricane | a storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean. |
| Flood | an overflowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is normally dry land. |
| Winter storms | a combination of heavy snow, blowing snow and/or dangerous wind chills |
| Cumulonimbus Clouds | cloud forming a towering mass with a flat base at fairly low altitude and often a flat top, as in thunderstorms. |
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