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parent/child: ch 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First stage of labor | Begins with the onset of regular uterine contractions & ends with complete cervical effacement & dilation |
| Latent phase | Extends from the onset of labor, characterized by regular, painful uterine contractions that cause cervical change, to the beginning of the active phase, when cervical dilation occurs more rapidly; 0-5 cm |
| Active phase | Defined as the period during which the greatest rate of cervical dilation occurs, which begins at 6cm & ends with complete cervical dilation at 10 cm |
| Spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM) | Rupture of membranes |
| Nitrazine (pH) | pH test used to determine whether the membranes have ruptured (fyi: when (time), color/odor, & amount) |
| Bloody show | Distinguished from vaginal bleeding by the fact that it is pink & feels sticky because of its mucoid nature |
| Leopold Maneuvers | Performed using abdominal palpation. Answers 3 q’s: 1) which fetal part is in the uterine fundus? 2) where is the fetal back located? 3) what is the presenting fetal part? |
| When is it essential to monitor FHR? | After the rupture of membranes (umbilical cord prolapse), after any change in the contraction pattern or maternal status, & before & after the woman receives medication or a procedure is performed |
| Amniotic fluid | Should be clear; if it’s yellow -> could mean meconium which is not good as the baby can aspirate |
| Can mom eat while in labor? | No, just in case she needs to have a C-section |
| Elimination | The laboring woman should be encouraged to void at least every 2 hours |
| Artificial rupture of membranes (AROM) using a plastic Amnihook or a surgical clamp during labor | |
| Common maternal positions during labor & birth | Semirecumbent, lateral, upright, & hands-&-knees |
| Second stage of labor | The stage in which the infant is born |
| Latent phase (delayed pushing, laboring down, or passive descent) | 0 - +2 station & patient may be quiet |
| Active (descent) phase | Contractions every 2 - 3 min, +2 - +4 station, & patient may be more vocal |
| Valsalva maneuver | Prolonged breath holding while bearing down (closed glottis pushing) |
| Crowning | Occurs when the widest part of the head (the biparietal diameter) distends the vulva just before birth |
| Episiotomy | Incision into the perineum to enlarge the vaginal outlet |
| Nuchal cord | The umbilical cord may encircle the neck |
| 4 stages of laceration | 1st degree: laceration that is confined to the skin 2nd degree: laceration that extends into the perineal body 3rd degree: laceration that involves injury to the external anal sphincter muscle 4th degree: laceration that extends through the anus |
| Third stage of labor | Lasts from the birth of the baby until the placenta is expelled |
| Fourth stage of labor | Begins with the expulsion of the placenta & lasts until the woman is stable in the immediate postpartum period, usually within the first hour after birth. - Hemodynamic changes - Check the fundus & v/s q15min for the 1st hr -> q1/2hr for the next hr |
| Ritgen maneuver | Method of breathing during bearing-down efforts helping to maintain adequate oxygen levels for the mother & fetus |
| Ring of fire | Burning sensation of acute pain as vagina stretches & crowning occurs |
| Amniotomy |
Created by:
tatianalopez03
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