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biology - chapter 2
some flashcards too study for the bio chap 2 test!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what charge does a proton have? | positive |
| what charge does a neutron have? | neutrons have no charge |
| what charge does a electron have? | negative |
| what are Isotopes? | atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons |
| what are Radioactive Isotopes? | isotopes with unstable nuclei |
| what is a chemical compound? | a combination of 2 or more elements with definite proportions |
| when does a weak interaction occur? | when molecules are close for brief amount of time |
| Covalent bonds do what? | equally share electrons |
| what is being combined in a chemical compound? | 2 or more elements |
| put in order from largest too smallest ; compounds, electrons, elements, protons, and neutrons. | electrons, protons, neutrons, elements, and compounds. |
| how many electrons does an atom of Carbon have? | 6 |
| what kind of bonds hold water together? | covalent |
| ionic bonds do what? | ionic bonds are oppositely attracted and do not share electrons equally |
| What is Hydrogen bonding? | the slightly negative water molecules' attraction to a slightly positive water molecule |
| why does water expand upon freezing? | multiple hydrogen bonds are formed |
| what is water referred too and why? | ' the universal solvent ' and because it can dissolve more than any other liquid |
| what is cohesion? | the attraction of molecules of the same substance |
| what is adhesion? | the attraction of molecules of different substances |
| what is heat capacity? | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance |
| what type of molecule will create a solution when mixed with a solvent? | a solute |
| how do buffers play a role in homeostasis in living things? | prevents or regulates pH/prevents sudden changes in pH |
| what are 3 examples of a carbohydrate? | glucose, fructose, galactose, etc. |
| what are 3 examples of lipids? | fats, oils, waxes, etc. |
| what are 2 types of nucleic acids? | DNA and RNA |
| what is the master blueprint for life and all living organisms? | DNA |
| what are 3 examples of a protein? | hair, skin, nails, enzymes, hormones |
| chemical reactions need what to start? | activation energy |
| reactants combine too form what? | products |
| enzymes bind to what? | substrates |
| how does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction? | lowering activation energy |
| what temp do most of the enzymes in the human body function best at? | 37C or 98.6F |
| A macromolecule that contains phosphorus | nucleic acid |
| What allows water to have a partial charge? | Polarity |
| what are the sub-units of nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| what are the sub-units of carbohydrates? | monosaccharides |
| what are the sub-units of lipids? | glycerol and fatty acids |
| what are the sub-units of proteins? | amino acids |
| what are the functions of lipids? | store energy |
| what are the functions of carbohydrates? | store and release energy |
| what are the functions of nucleic acids? | store and transmit hereditary info |
| what are the functions of proteins? | structure, control reactions, fight disease, regulation |
| What particles in an atom are in equal amounts but not in an ion? | protons and electrons |
| Why does the hydrogen bonds form in water? | Polarity allows partial charge |
| If a solution is 12-13 on the pH scale, explain the classification of the solution. | Basic |
| Explain the relationship between a starch molecule and a glucose molecule | Starch is a polymer of Glucose, which is a monomer. |
| How do the 20 different amino acids differ? | These 20 amino acids combine in different ways to make proteins in your body, they differ in structure and polarity |
| In a chemical reaction what happens to the bonds? | chemical bonds break in the reactants and new chemical bonds form in the products |
| What is the role of buffers in a solution of 7? | They will keep the pH neutral |
| Why does water form beads or droplets? | Adhesion and Cohesion will form beads and droplets with water. |
| what does pH stand for? | potential of hydrogen |
Created by:
applebeea
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