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DNA replication

TEKS B.5B

TermDefinition
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Nucleus The organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made up of chromatin.
DNA replication Duplication of DNA molecule, producing two identical copies from one original DNA molecule that occurs in the nucleus.
Helicase Enzyme that unwinds the two strands of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds .
DNA polymerase Builder enzyme, replicates the DNA and build a new strand of DNA by adding complementary bases.
Primase Initiates the DNA synthesis by creating a short RNA segment at replication.
Ligase The gluer, helps glue the fragments together.
SSB proteins (Single Strand Binding Proteins) Stabilizes the DNA molecule during replication
Topoisomerase Keeps DNA from supercoiling.
Hydrogen bonds Bond in which a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to another atom in the same or a different molecule. Hydrogen bonds are present in DNA structure.
5' to 3' Sense how DNA strands run and how the DNA is going to be replicated.
Primers Beginners of DNA replication.
Leading strand The strand that runs in the 5' to 3' direction in the replication.
Lagging strand The strand that opens in the 3' to 5' direction towards the replication.
Okazaki fragments Fragments of copied DNA created on the lagging strand.
Semi-conservative Means that each DNA copies contains an old original strand.
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