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Pulmonary
New set 2023 UWORLD only
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Description of Histoplasma capsulatum | Dimorphic fungus; exists in a small, ovoid yeast at room temperature. |
| Description of Coccidioides immitis: | Dimorphic fungi that are inhaled; large, thick-walled spherules containing endospores. |
| What is the function of ATT? | Inhibition of elastase |
| What is the result of ATT-1 deficiency? | ↑ tissue damage in lungs due to inflammation --> emphysema |
| Which stain is used for a biopsy of affected tissue in ATT-1 deficiency? | Periodic acid-Schiff stain |
| PAS-(+), diastase-resistance globules in a lung bx sample. DX? | ATT-1 deficiency |
| How does V/Q mismatch cause respiratory alkalosis? | V/Q mismatch ---> hypoxemia --> ↑↑ ventilation (hyperventilation) --> respiratory alkalosis with persistent hypoxemia |
| What type of channel is the chloride channel involved in CF pathogenesis? | ATP-gated chloride channel |
| What is the CFTR protein? | Transmembrane ATP-gated Cl- channel |
| In CF, what is the deficit due to CFTR gene mutation? | Impaired Post-translational processing of the CFTR |
| Which cells give rise to Mesothelioma? | Mesothelial cells |
| What exposure is strongly associated with Mesothelioma? | Asbestos |
| What is the associated immunohistochemistry in Mesothelioma? | Stain (+) for cytokeratin and most also (+) calretinin. |
| Which leukocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema? | Neutrophils |
| Which is the most important protease in the development of emphysema? | Elastase |
| Which cells produce the proteases which eventually may lead to emphysema development? | Neutrophils |
| MOA of Dextromethorphan in treating cough | Acts on sigma-receptors to suppress medullary cough center |
| What is an off-target adverse effect of Dextromethorphan? | Drug-drug interactions, especially those with Serotonin drugs --> serotonin syndrome |
| What is the name of definition given to pleural effusion in COPD patient with liver cirrhosis? | Hepatic hydrothorax |
| What is Hepatic hydrothorax? | Transudative, right-sided pleural effusion |
| What causes a Hepatic hydrothorax? | Passage of intra-abdominal fluid into the chest through fenestrations in the diaphragm |
| What cells compose the Capillary-Alveolar barrier? | Type I pneumocytes and Endothelial cells |
| Which type of pneumocytes are involved in the capillary alveolar barrier? | Type I pneumocytes |
| Which leukocytes mediate the formation of cavitary lesions in TB patients? | Activated macrophages |
Created by:
rakomi
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