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Lifespan CH 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| phenylketonuria (PKU) | impacts chromosome 12. Body can't process amino acid in milk, protein builds up and can cause brain damage and intellectual disabilities. Recessive, 1 in 10-20,000 births |
| Small for gestational age infants | Infants who weigh less than 90% of average weight of infants |
| chromosomes | Comes in pairs, 23 pairs , make up of DNA |
| Tay-Sachs Disease | progressive neurological disease 1 in 3,000 (jews, Eastern Europeans, and Canadians die before age 5, no treatment Symptoms: muscular degeneration |
| Klinefelter syndrome | Extra x sex Chromosome (xxy) |
| Symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome | Enlarged breasts, tend to be taller, more round body type, lack facial/body hair. Infertility 1 in 500 males |
| fragile X syndrome | can cause mild/moderate intellectual disabilities, language, emotions, social. 'Injury' on X Chromosome |
| Triple x | extra x chromosome (xxx). Issues with sexual orientation and intellectual defects. |
| sickle-cell anemia | deformation of RBCs, leads to deficits in oxygen, which can lead to death. Effects chromosome 11. Most common in people of color. 1:400 people of color, yellow eyes, Poor appetite |
| Amniocentesis | (15- 20 weeks) needle is used to extract amniotic fluid |
| What happens during the germinal stage? | Fertilized egg travels towards uterus, and implants in the uterus wall. Zygote also divides in this stage. |
| Weeks 8 to 24 | hormones release beginning differentiation between male and female |
| Cephalocaudal | developing head to toe |
| Infertility | Inability to conceive after 12 months of trying to get pregnant |
| Zygote Intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) | Eggs are mixed with sperm in the lab and zygotes are then returned to the fallopian tubes |
| Gamete Intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) | gametes (both eggs and sperm) are then injected into the fallopian tubes |
| Oxytocin | A critical hormone for contractions released by pituitary gland |
| 2nd stage of labor | Lasts 90 minutes Baby's head emerge with each push from mom Ending when baby leaves moms body |
| Low-birthweight infants | Infants that weigh less than 5.5 lbs |
| DNA | things that make up our genes |
| genes | units that make up our genetic info |
| Monozygotic Twins | same exact genetic makeup |
| Dizygotic Twins | form from 2 zygotes, regular siblings |
| genotype | combinations of all of our genetic material |
| phenotype | physical traits we see |
| Down syndrome | Extra chromosome on Chromosome 21, causes mild to moderate intellectual defects 1 in 700 births |
| Turner syndrome | missing a second x chromosome (X0) |
| Heterozygous | different genes from parents (Bb, Dd) |
| Ultrasound Sonography | use of soundwaves to see the womb, shows image of the baby, also be used to assess for miscarriages and birth defects 1st trimester (11-13 weeks) |
| Chorionic villus Sampling | (10 -13 weeks) if blood tests were taken and Ultrasound found a potential problem. Extracts with needle fluids from the womb. Detects Chromosomal abnormalities and birth defects. |
| Animal Studies | if you take animals bred together and put them into diff environments, if we see the same results it's genetic, but if it's different it's because of environmental impact. |
| Twin studies (2 ways) | 1. studying similarities in monozygotic twins, raised in different environment 2. studying which set is more similar, monozygotic twins or Dizygotic twins |
| Adoption studies | compare adopted children to adoptive parents and to compare with biological parents. |
| Intelligence | biological , component in intelligence, As you age IQ differs |
| Personality Development | some personality is genetic big 5 traits |
| Dominant trait | expressed trait |
| Recessive Trait | not expressed trait |
| triplets and quadruplets | 3 or four children born at same time |
| Male | XY chromosomes |
| Female | XX chromosomes |
| What is fertilization? | process by which a sperm and ovum join to form a single new cell |
| Where does fertilization occur | fallopian tube |
| Germinal stage | The first 2 weeks following conception |
| Role of the placenta | Provide nourishment and oxygen via the umbilical cord |
| Embryonic stage | 2 - 8 weeks after conception |
| What happens during the embryonic stage | Significant growth happens in major organs and body system |
| Ectoderm | (outer layer) - Forming teeth, hair, skin, sense organs, brain, and spinal cord |
| Endoderm | (inner layer) - Produce digestive system, liver, pancreas, respiratory system |
| Mesoderm | (middle layer)- Forging of muscles, bones, blood, and circulatory system |
| Fetal stage | 8 weeks after conception |
| 3 months | Fetus swallows and urinates |
| 4 months | kicking, sucking thumb, mom feels presence of fetus |
| Proximodistal | developing inside to out |
| Artificial insemination | Sperm placed directly into vagina |
| In vitro fertilization (IVF) | Fertilization of egg out of uterus, then placed back in |
| Teratogen | Environmental agent, like a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produces a birth defect |
| 1st stage of labor | Contractions happen between 8 - 10 minutes and lasts about 30 seconds, Contractions get intense so cervix can dilate longest stage |
| 3rd stage of labor | When umbilical cord and placenta Is expelled from mother fastest stage |
| Preterm infants | Infants born before 38 weeks after conception |
| Postmature infants | Infants still not born 2 weeks after due date |
| Stillbirth | delivery of a child who is not alive 1 in 100 deliveries |
| Infant mortality | Death within the first year of life |
Created by:
Emblanchette
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