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Exam 1
Intro to Human Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pathophysiology | function of disease/how it's progressing |
| pathogenesis | looking at the disease and how it started |
| clinical manifestations | signs and symptoms |
| diagnosis | treatment/care measures |
| etiology | cause, factors that come into play |
| predisposing factors | risk of getting ill |
| epidemology | how it started and where it is going |
| incidence | occurrence, rate |
| communicable | how it spread |
| notifiable | when doctors have to report |
| acute | sudden, short term |
| chronic | long term |
| onset | suddenly |
| latent | no signs or symptoms |
| manifestations | signs and symptoms, what happened |
| signs | you can see |
| symptoms | you can't see, patient has to describe it to you |
| cellular transport | movement in cells |
| passive transport | diffusion liquid bilayer, requires energy, facilitated dilatation |
| active transport | requires no energy |
| mitosis | cell division |
| necrosis | tissue death |
| passive process | diffusion and osmosis |
| diffusion | high to low concentration |
| osmosis | movement of water, high to low, no energy required |
| active process | endocytic and exocytosis |
| endocytic | inside cell process |
| exocytosis | outside cell process |
| adaption | atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia |
| atrophy | reduction in cell size, decrease work commands |
| hypertrophy | increase in cell size, producing more energy |
| hyperplasia | increase in cell numbers, physiologic and non-physiologic |
| metaplasia | cell goes from one to the other (if same cell), making the cell durable |
| dysplasia | deranged cell growth, cell changes in shape, size, and appearance |
| physiologic | function, responses to a need when a limb is missing |
| non-physiologic | increase in hormones |
| cellular injury | always cause consequences, it is the fluid in the cell |
| hypoxic | cells have no oxygen |
| chemical | imbalance in cell, can be from over-the-counter medicine or cleaning supplies |
| Infectious | organism constantly reproduce |
| injurious nutritional imbalances | starving or obesity, too few/many of something |
| injurious physical agents | body hitting something, temperature effecting your body |
| necrosis | tissue death that is still attached to the body |
| liquefaction | cells liquify |
| coagulation | grayish color, firm mass |
| caseous | milk, cheesy like, looks like cottage cheese |
| gangrene | wide spread, potentially fatal |
| dry gangrene | skin looks dry and is dry to the touch, wrinkly and shrunken |
| moist gangrene | skin feels moist to the touch, cold, looks swollen |
| gas liquifaction | bacteria doesn't need oxygen to survive, example is a deep puncture womb |
| penetralium | can be caused by infection from a long time ago |
| exogenous | outside the cell, inflammation |
| endogenous | inside the cell, inflammation |
| granular leukocytes | white blood cells |
| non-granular leukocytes | present in chronic inflammation, development of scar tissue |
| immediate transient response | this response of the cells happens right away but doesn't stay long |
| immediate sustained response | occurs with severe injury, you see inflammation for a couple of days |
| delayed response | can happen 12 hours after injury, example is when you get sunburnt |
| vascular response | Vessel restriction, vessel dilation, movement between fluids (plasma) between the vessel walls |
| cellular response | movement of white blood cells into the injury site |
| granulocytes | neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
| neutrophils | circulate in bloodstream at the highest number, first ones to get to injury site, puss is when they did their job and then died, enzymes destroy bacteria |
| eosinophils | if you have allergies, you have a higher number of this |
| basophils | few in number, produced during allergy and stress |
| Heparin Histamine | thins the blood, makes it more watery |
| monocyte | circulate in blood, same as macrophage, just happen in different places. Second cell to come to injury site. |
| engulf | phagocytic cells, chase after infections and fix it when they find it by eating up debris. |
| lymphocyte | second type of cell in cellular response, run through neck and head |
| b-cells | attack directly and produce antibodies |
| t-cells | go after debris on their own |
| Humoral Immunity | b-cells work in this |
| cell-mediated immunity | t-cells work in this |
| stages of acute immunity | margination, emigration, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis |
| margination | fluids leave blood, cells move to edge of blood vessels |
| emigration | white blood cells pass through the cell and into the tissue |
| chemotaxis | chemicals that transport cells to the injury site |
| phagocytosis | engulfing and destroying bacteria |
| Opsonization | prepares debris to be engulfed |
| Intracellular Killing (destruction) | debris is in the white blood cell, about to kill bad bacteria |
| cytokine | hormones, mediators of inflammation |
Created by:
Kileye
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