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Intro AP Bio Review
Introduction - Biochemistry review 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain Order | highly ordered structure that characterizes life. |
| Explain Evolutionary Adaption | adaptions evolve over countless generations giving heritable traits best suited for environment. |
| Explain Response to Environment | direct dependence of an organisms physiology, growth and development, and behavior on the environmental conditions they experience in a lifetime. |
| Explain Regulation | animals bodies regulate differently to surroundings to keep them stable. |
| Explain Energy Processing | living organisms use energy for performing metabolic activities. Using chemical energy from food to do things |
| Explain Growth and Development | inherited info from genes controls the pattern of growth and development |
| Explain Reproduction | organisms (living things) reproduce their own kind. |
| Describe how energy floes through an ecosystem | one way stream, from primary producers to various consumers. |
| Can energy be recycled? | Energy cannot be recycled |
| What is the relationship between genes, DNA, and cells as the basic unit of structure and function in a living organism? | All living things have cells with DNA that contain genes which have genetic codes for all cell structures and determine which functions cells should perform to help the organism live. |
| Compare and contrast eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells | Eukaryotic have a nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles whereas prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles. |
| Explain the concept of emergent properties | emergent properties are all about the parts of a system built and in order to work |
| how do emergent properties relate to ¨being alive¨? | emergent properties of water support life on Earth and may continue to the potential for life. |
| What is feedback and how does it relate to property of life - regulation? | Feedback mechanisms maintain a living systems internal conditions within certain limits and mediate behaviors, allowing it to remain alive and functional even if external conditions change. |
| positive feedback | when the end of a process speeds up the beginning |
| negative feedback | when the end of a process slows down the beginning |
| why is the classification of living organisms necessary to understanding biology? | the classification of an organism often provides useful information about its evolutionary history and which other organisms are related to it. |
| What does the statement "there is unity in diversity" mean in terms of biology and why is it said that "Evolution is the unifying theme of biology"? | Because of evolution there is so much diversity but we all can go back to one organism |
| Darwins Theory of Natural Selection | Because resources are limited in nature, organisms with heritable traits that favor survival and reproduction will tend to leave more offspring than their peers, causing the traits to increase in frequency over generations. |
| inductive reasoning | draw conclusions from a large number of observations |
| Deductive reasoning | use general premise to make specific predictions |
| elements of a well designed experiment | Hypothesis, constants, dependent variable, independent variable, control group, and experimental group |
| Control group | Basis for comparison |
| Experimental group | contains independent variable |
| How is the term theory used in science? | a theory is supported by evidence and repeated testing |
| Controlled Environment | Same conditions |
| Example of positive feedback | contractions speed up birth |
| Example of negative feedback | Sweating = cooling off the body surface |
| What are isotopes? | two atoms of an element differ in the number of neutrons |
| What role do radioisotopes have in the medical field? | they are used as tracers to help find areas that contain cancer. |
| Rate the bonds from strongest to weakest | Covalent, ionic, hydrogen |
| Why are hydrogen bonds so important in biology? | they have the ability to break and reform |
| What is the relationship between the terms polar, non-polar, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic? | Hydrophilic is a property of polar molecules. They have a tendency to be dissolved by water. Hydrophobic is a property of non-polar molecules. |
| What is water cohesion and how does it pull water up plants? | Hydrogen bonds hold water together as water moves up a tree. |
| What is adhesion? | the clinging of one substance to anther |
| What is surface tension? | Measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid |
| Explain how waters high specific heat helps stabilize temperatures around the planet | Water absorbs and stores heat during the summer and at night and winter to keep warm air. |
| What is evaporative cooling? | a liquid evaporates and remaining surfaces cool. |
| How does evaporative cooling moderate temperatures in lakes and ponds? | Keep surroundings cool |
| Why does ice float? | Hydrogen Bonds will break and reform allowing ice to be less dense than water. |
| Why is ice floating important for life? | If ice sank then it would kill all life below it. |
| Why is water such a great solvent for a large variety of molecules? | Because of its charges (+/-) and ability to form hydrogen bonds |
| What are buffers? | substance that helps minimize changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a substance. |
| What is an example of a buffer | Blood pH |
| What are the most commonly occurring elements in living matter | CHNOPS |
| what is "tetravalence" and why is it so important that carbon has this? | can make large, complex molecules possible (4 valence e-). can make 4 single covalent bonds. |
| What are isomers? | same molecular formula but differ in molecular properties and structures |
| What is a hydrocarbon? | Consisting of only carbon and hydrogen |
| what special property does a hydrocarbon have? | hydrophobic ex. oil |
| Cells are ____ | characteristic of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic organisms |
| What type of cell use DNA as their genetic material but do not have DNA encased in their nuclear envolope? | archaean |
| What provides evidence to the common ancestry of life? | near universality of the genetic code |
| What is a non polar molecule that resists dissolving in water? | Hydrophobic |
| What forms when a water molecule loses a proton? | hydroxide ion |
| What is it called when hydrogen bonds hold many water molecules together? | cohesion |
| water resists changes in temperature because of its high _______ | specific heat |
| Isomers | Compounds with the same molecular formula but different properties |
| hydration shell | a sphere of water molecules surrounding a dissolved ion |
| a solution with a pH between 1-6 | acid |
| a dissolving agent | solvent |
| Buffer | a substance that resists changes in pH; these help cells maintain a stable pH |
| What forms when a water molecule accepts an extra proton? | hydronium ion |
| amino | consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms |
| phosphate | connects to the carbon backbone via one of its oxygen atoms |
| hydroxyl | made of polar covalent bonds; helps to increase the solubility of an organic molecule |
| sulfhydryl | interact with each other to help stabilize the structure of a protein |
| carboxyl | consists of a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom and a single bond to the oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group. |
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