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Biology chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is energy? | the capacity to do work as a force acting upon an object. |
| How is energy originated molecules stored by way of? | sugar, glycogen, and fats |
| what are the "objects" in chemical energy? | electrons |
| what is energy force? | it determines the position of electrons in an atom, it also allows molecules to be transformed and formed |
| What is specialized proteins? | a molecule synthesized by cells that can be lenthened or shorten causing the cell to move |
| What is ATP? | it is a result of interaction among specialized protein that are driven by chemical energy released from molecules |
| What are the fundamental types of energy? | potential and kinetic |
| what is kinetic energy? | is energy of movement: includes light,heat, and electricity |
| What is potential energy? | its stored energy, includes: chemical energy, stored in bonds that hold atoms together in molecules |
| two forms of energy that can by transformed or formed into energy | kinetic and potential energy |
| describe the Laws of Thermodynamics? | describes the basic property of energy,quantitiy total amt, and quality (usefulness) of energy. |
| What is the 1st law of thermodynamics? | states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed by ordinary process (except nuclear energy): also energy can change form |
| What is a closed system? | where energy can neither be released nor entered |
| What is another name for the 1st law of thermodynamics? | law of conservation of energy |
| what is the law of conservation of energy? | total energy before and after the process to be unchanged |
| what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics? | states that when energy is converted from one form to another. the amt of useful energy decreases: also states that all reactions or physical changes causes energy to be converted from more useful into less usefull forms |
| this type of energy tends to be stored in a highly ordered manner. | useful energy |
| these are stored , then converted from a highly organized chains of sugar molecule into a simpler water and carbon dioxide | glycogen molecules |
| what is entropy? | an increase of random disorder |
| this causes the amt of unuseable energy to increase randomness and disorder | chemical reactions |
| the use of sunlight to create the low entrophy conditions of life | living things |
| how can organism accumulate the useable energy and precisely ordered molecule that charactorized living things? | nuclear reaction in the sun produce energy in a form of sunlight: a process that also produce a vast increase in entrophy |
| highly organized low entrophy system that charactorized life | dont violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics |
| what is chemical reaction? | process that forms or breaks that the chemical bond that holds atoms together |
| this reaction convert one set of chemical substances "reactants" into another set "products" | chemical reaction |
| requires an overall set (net) input of energy or produce a net release of energy | chemical reactions |
| what is exergonic? | energy out, reactants contains moving energy than the product, and gives off some of their energy as heat |
| what is endergonic? | energy in, requires a net input of energy, product contains more energy than the reactant, its 2nd law of thermodynamics endergonic reactants and requires a net influx of energy from an outside source |
| what happens in exergonic release of energy? | the reactants contains more energy than the product |
| all chemical reactions require Activation Energy to begin: | in chemical reaction the energy "push" is called activation energy |
| what is activation energy? | a chemical reaction requiring activation energy gets started because shells of negative charged electrons surrounds all the atoms and molecules. |
| how are the electron shells forced together? | activation energy |
Created by:
vspeer
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