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chem/H20properties
lecture from 9/20 -- Basic chemistry and the properties of water
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | - Any substance that has mass and takes up space. |
| Solid | - Have definite shape and volume. - Most compact |
| Liquid | - matter that flows freely - less compact |
| gases/vapors | - Least comact. - No definite shape or volume. - expands. |
| Mass | - amount of matter contained within an object/substance. - always constant, not affected by gravity |
| Weight | - heavyness |
| elements | - simplest form of matter - cannot be broken down further by normal means |
| which element makes up the highest % of human body weight? | - Oxygen (O) -- 65 % |
| which element makes up the 2nd highest % of human body weight? | - Carbon (C) -- 18.5 % |
| which element makes up the 3rd highest % of human body weight? | - Hydrogen (H) -- 9.5 % |
| what element makes up the 4th highest % of human body weight? | - Nitrogen (N) -- 3.3 % |
| Atom | - structural unit of an element. |
| Proton | - Positive charge. - located in the nucleus of an atom, stationary. |
| Neutron | - no charge. - located in the nucleus of an atom, stationary. |
| Electron | - negative charge. - located in the shells outside of the nucleus, move at the speed of light. |
| Which shell contains electrons with the most energy? | - outer shell/ valence shell |
| Atomic number | - above the element symbol. - the number of protons and electrons. |
| Atomic mass | - below the element symbol |
| What is the equation for neutrons? | - (atomic #- atomic mass ) |
| Isotopes | - atoms of the same element that differ by neutron number. - changes atomic mass. |
| How many electrons can the 1st shell hold? | - 2 |
| How many electrons can shells 2-4 hold? | - 8 |
| What does the valence electron number determine? | - stability |
| If the valance shell is not filled to capacity with electrons, it is..? | - unstable |
| If the valance shell is filled to capacity of the atom is...? | - stable |
| ions | - an atom with a charge |
| cation | - positively charged atom - t = + |
| anion | - negatively charged atom - forms by atom gaining electrons |
| How can an atom become stable? | - bonding with other atoms, creating molecules - by forming an ion |
| Molecule | - groups of atoms bonded together |
| Compounds | - a molecule with different atoms bonded together |
| Organic compounds contain.. ? | - Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen |
| Difference between chemical formul and structural formula | - Chemical formulas indicate number of each atom - structural formulas indicate arrangement of atoms |
| Isomers | - two molecules with the same chemical formula, but different structural formulas |
| Types of chemical bonds that hold molecules together | - Ionic bond, covalent bond, hydrogen bond |
| Covalent bond | - sharing electrons between two atoms, holds organic compounds together. - strong bond |
| Ionic bond | - a transfer of electrons between two atoms - forms weak bonds |
| Hydrogen bonds | - a hydrogen atom already bonded to an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluoride. - positive charge - holds together water molecules |
| Polar covalent bonds | - atoms unequally share electrons |
| What is the most important/abundant in-organic compound? | - water - makes up 50 - 90% of all organisms bodies, 60 % of humans. |
| what is water property #1 | - tempature stability |
| what is water property #2 | - exhibits polarity |
| what is water property #3 | - Cohesion |
| what is water property #4 | - Adhesion |
| what is water property #5 | - Solvent properties |
| what is water property #6 | - Unique density when in liquid state |
| pH | - measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a substance |
| pH gos below 7 | - substance is acidic |
| pH goes above 7 | - substance is basic/alkaline |
| buffers | - special molecules that prevent extensive changes to pH - pepcid |
Created by:
emmamas
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