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Cells
Cell types, structures, and functions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prokayotic Cell | A cell type that does not contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria are examples. |
| Eukaryotic Cell | A cell type that does contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Animals, plants, fungus, and protists are examples. |
| Cell | The basic structural and functional unit of living things that is considered alive. |
| Plasma Membrane | Also known as the cell membrane. This structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Organelles | Specialized cell structures that carry out specific functions. |
| Cytoplasm | A semifluid material located inside the cell membrane. It is the material that contains the organelles. |
| Cytoskeleton | A supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cell. |
| Centrioles | Organelles made of microtubules that function during cell division. |
| Cilia | Short, numerous projections that look like hairs. These structures assist the cell with movement. |
| Flagella | Longer and less numerous than cilia. These structures move in a whiplike motion and propel the cell through fluids. |
| Cell Wall | A thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, protecting the cell, and giving it support. |
| Nucleolus | A cell structure located inside the nucleus. This organelle is the site of ribosome production. |
| Mitochondria | The organelle that performs cellular respiration. Sugars are broken down and the energy released is used to make ATP. |
| Chloroplasts | The organelle that captures light energy and uses it in a process called photosynthesis to make sugars for plants and some other eukaryotic cells. |
| Ribosomes | The organelle that manufactures proteins. These organelles are not membrane-bound and they are made in the nucleolus. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Ribosomes are attached. Proteins are made by the ribosomes and the ER transports the proteins using vesicles. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Do not contain ribosomes. Used for detoxification of harmful substances. Also makes lipids and carbohydrates for cells. |
| Golgi Apparatus | A flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles. |
| Vacuole | A sac used for temporary storage of food, enzymes, and water. |
| Lysosomes | Vesicles that contain enzymes that digest excess or worn-out organelles and food particles. |
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