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Plate Tectonics
Layers of the Earth / Plate Tectonics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Theory of Plate Tectonics | states that the Earth’s lithosphere is made up of huge plates that move over the surface of the Earth and cause geological events |
| subduction | when one plate sinks beneath another |
| inner core | layer of the earth that is a ball of hot, solid metal |
| convergent boundary | boundary where where plates push together |
| hot spot | area where heated rock rises from the mantle in thin columns and forms volcanoes |
| oceanic - oceanic subduction | one plate with oceanic crust sinks, or subducts, under another plate with oceanic crust |
| Sea Floor Spreading | Wegener’s hypothesis that the continents were once joined in a single landmass and gradually moved, or drifted, apart |
| mantle | the Earth’s thickest layer, made up of hot rock that is less dense than the metallic core |
| asthenosphere | the layer of hotter, softer rock in the upper mantle, under the lithosphere |
| continental - continental collision | where two plates carrying continental crust push together |
| crust | a thin layer of cool rock that surrounds Earth like the shell of an egg |
| Pangaea | Wegener's name for the supercontinent that was made of all the continents joined together |
| lithosphere | the most rigid layer of the Earth, made from the crust and the very top part of the mantle together, as is broken into pieces |
| transform boundary | a boundary where plates scrape past each other |
| outer core | a layer of liquid metal that surrounds the inner core |
| lithospheric plates | pieces of the broken lithosphere, made of many large and small slabs of rock |
| convection currents | movement of magma in the mantle, made when hot, soft rock rises, cools and sinks, then is heated and rises again |
| mid-ocean ridge | Huge mountain ranges on the ocean floor that circle Earth like seams on a baseball |
| convection | energy transfer by the movement of a material |
| divergent boundary | boundary where plates move apart mostly on the ocean floor |
| rift valley | the gap made when mid-ocean ridges on the ocean floor spread apart and widen |
| oceanic - continental subduction | when oceanic crust sinks under continental crust |
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