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Bio103

Unit 3: Organic Compounds

How many valence electrons and covalent bonds does carbon have? 4
How many individual bonds can atoms form? up to 3 bonds
What is an isomer? compounds with the same molecular formulas, but different structures and properties
What are the 3 different types of isomers? structural, geometric, and enantiomers
What is an enantiomer isomer? isomers that are mirror images of each other (the same formula)
What do carbonhydrates contain? carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1C:2H:10
What are the 3 groups of carbonhydrate? 1. monosaccharides- 1 sugar unit 2. disaccharides- 2 sugar units 3. polysaccharides- many sugar units (most complex)
What is cellulose? a structural component of the walls that surround plant cells
What is the main storage for carbonhydrates in plants? starches
What is the main storage carbonhydrate in animals? glycogen
What are lipids? they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are insoluble in water
What are saturated fatty acids? contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and are solid at room temp
what are unsaturated fatty acids? includes one or more pairs of carbon atoms joined by a double bond and are liquid at room temp.
What are phospholipids? made up of a glycerol molecule attached at one end to two fatty acids and at the other end to a phosphate group end to attached to an organic compound
What is carotenoids? orange and yellow plant pigments that are insoluble in water with an oily consistency
What are proteins? macromolecules that are composed of amino acids
What are enzymes? a type of protein that helps accelerate chemical reactions
What are nucleic acids? polymers of subunits, called necleotides, that transmit hereditary information and determine what proteins a cell manufactures
What purines and pyrimidines does DNA have? purines: adenine and guanine pyrimidines: cytosine and thymine
Created by: lacim05
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