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Ms. Menanno Genetics

QuestionAnswer
heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring
trait A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
genetics The study of heredity
fertilization The joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell
purebred An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent; homozygous
gene The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
alleles Different forms of a gene
dominant allele An allele whose trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present
recessive allele An allele that is hidden when a dominant allele is present
hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; heterozygus
probability The likelihood that a particular event will occur
Punnett square A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
phenotype An organism’s physical appearance or visible traits
genotype An organism’s genetic makeup or allele combinations
homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait
heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait; hybrid
codominance A condition in which neither of the two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive
meiosis The process that forms the sex cells (sperm and egg) in which the number of chromosomes is reduced in half
messenger RNA RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the cytoplasm
transfer RNA RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain
mutation A change in a gene or chromosome
Created by: menannoa
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