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Bio103
Unit 2- Atoms and Molecules: The Chemical Basis of Life
| What is an element? | a substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by chemical reactions |
| What are the 4 elements that make up over 96% of an organism's mass? | 1. oxygen 2. carbon 3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen |
| What are the 3 main parts of an atom? | 1. neutrons 2. protons 3. electrons |
| What main parts of an atom have a positive, negative, and neutral charge? | 1. neutrons- neutral charge 2. protons- positive charge 3. electrons- negative charge |
| What is the atomic number? | atomic number is determined by the protons in the atomic nucleus; this is also how we identify an element |
| What is a Bohr Model? | represents the electron configurations of elements as a series of concentric rings |
| What is atomic mass? | the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom; both protons and neutrons present in an atom |
| What are isotopes? | atoms of the same element with varying numbers of neutrons |
| What varies and what stays constant in an isotope? | protons vary, neutrons are constant |
| What are valence electrons | electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| What do valence electrons determine in an atom? | the chemical behavior; 8 valance electrons are the goal |
| What is a chemical formula? | uses chemical symbols to describe the chemical composition of a compound; ex. H2O |
| What is a structural formula? | shows the types and numbers of atoms and their arrangment; ex: H-O-H |
| What are reactants and products? | Reactants- substances that participate in the reactions; products- substances that are formed by the reactants ex: CO2+H2O= H2CO |
| What is a covalent bond? | involves the sharing of electrons between 2 atoms resulting in each atom having a full outer shell (8 valence) |
| What are ionic compounds comprised of? | cations- positively charged ions anions- negatively charged ions |
| What's the difference between cohesion and adhesion? | cohesion- occurs when water molecules stick to one another ( water movement in plants) adhesion- ability of water to stick to other substances (explains how water makes things wet) |
| What is the difference in hydrophilic and hydrophobic? | hydrophilic- substances that interact easily with water (ex. sugar dissolving in water) hydrophobic- substances that are not soluble in water (ex. water and oil separating) |
| What does a pH determine? | a solutions acidity |
| What is considered a neutral pH? | 7 |
| What determines if a pH is acidic? | if the solution is above 7 |
| What determines if a pH is basic? | if the solution is below 7 |
| What is a buffer? | a substance that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added |
Created by:
lacim05
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