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MA - Unit 2
MA Notes/Vocab - Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gregorian Chant | Melodies set to sacred Latin texts, sung without accompaniment; Gregorian chant was the official music of the Roman Catholic Church. |
| Mass | Sacred choral composition made up of five sections: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei |
| Office | 8 Services,; the first before sunrise and the last at sunset |
| Church Modes | Scales containing seven tones with an eighth tone duplicating the first an octave higher, but with patterns of whole and half steps different from major and minor scales; used in medieval, Renaissance, and twentieth-century music and in folk music. |
| Alleluia | Latinized form of the Hebrew hallelujah (praise ye the Lord) |
| Drone | Long, sustained tone or tones accompanying a melody |
| Estampie | A medieval dance that is one of the earliest surviving forms of instrumental music |
| Organum | Medieval polyphony that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines |
| Cantus Firmus | Melody—often a Gregorian chant—used as the basis of a polyphonic composition |
| Troubadours | During the Middle Ages, poet-musician who lived in southern France and wrote poems in the Provençal language |
| Trouvéres | During the Middle Ages, poet-musician who lived in northern France and wrote poems in Old French. |
| William IX, Duke of Aquitaine | A noble who is the first known troubbadour |
| Prince Jaufre Rudel | A troubadour who died during the second Crusade around 1147 |
| Trobairitz | Term for women troubadours |
| Chantar | Only song by a female troubadour with its melody preserved in music notation. The song is about Beatriz's love for a man who betrayed her even though she's beautiful, smart, & of high rank |
| Minstrels (jongleurs-juggler) | During the Middle Ages, wandering entertainers who performed music and acrobatics in castles, taverns, and town squares. Had no civil rights & on the lowest social level. |
| Ars Nova (new art) | A term used by musical theorists to describe the profound stylistic changes of Italian and French music in the fourteenth century |
| Francesco Landini | The most celebrated Italian composer of the fourteen century. A famous organist, poet, scholar, and inventer of a new string instrument. Secular emphasis in 14th century music is illustustrated by his works |
| Ecco La Primavera | Carefree song for two voice parts about the joys of springtime. Is a ballata |
| Ballata | In medieval music, an Italian poetic and musical form with the structure A BB AA |
| Guillaume de Machaut | A famous musician & poet who was born in the French province of Champagne. Studied theology & spent awhile in the service of various royal families. One of the 1st important composers whose works survived |
| Rondeau | One of the main poetic and musical forms in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century France |
| Puis Qu'en Oubli Sui de Vous (since I am forgotten by you) | Song w/ a heartfelt message of courtly love written by Guillaume de Machaut. Is an example of a rondeau |
| Notre Dame Mass | Likely composed in the early 1360s, the first polyphonic treatment of the mass ordinary by a known composer (Machut). Considered one of the finest compositions known from the Middle Ages. Written for 4 voice parts. |
| Mass Ordinary | Roman Catholic Church texts that remain the same from day to day throughout most of the year. 5 sung prayers are the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei |
| Angus Dei | A prayer for mercy and peace. Based on a Gregorian chant. |
| Miserere Nobis | Have mercy on us |
| Dona Nobis Pacem | Grant us peace |
| The Middle Ages | 450-1450 |
| The Renaissance Period | 15th & 16th centuries (1450-1600) |
| Leonardo da Vinci - Mona Lisa | 1503 |
| Botticelli - La Primavera | 1482 |
| Michelangelo - David | 1504 |
| Raphael - School of Athens | 1505 |
| Titan - Venus and the Lute Player | 1570 |
| Shakespear - Romeo and Juliet | 1596 |
| Josquin Desprez - Ave Maria | 1475. A 4 voice motet |
| Renaissance (rebirth) | the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Europe, a period of geographic exploration and adventure as well as intellectual curiosity and individualism. |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) | Famous painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist, and musician |
| Humanism | Dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance that focused on human life and its accomplishments. This idea strongly influenced art |
| Linear Perspective | A geometrical system for creating an illusion of space and depth |
| Renaissance Artists | Strongly influenced by the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome. |
| Classical Mythology | An important source of inspiration for Renaissance |
| When were 15-20 million books printed in Europe? | 1500 |
| Where did the 1st book of polyphonic music get printed via movable type? | Venice, 1501 |
| Word Painting | Often used by Renaissance composers, a musical depiction of specific words |
| Texture of Renaissance Music | Chiefly Polyphonic |
| A cappella | Choral music without instrumental accompaniment |
| Rythm of Renaissance Music | More of a gently flow than a sharply defined beat |
| Two Main Forms of Sacred Renaissance Music | Motet and Mass |
| Motet | Polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than that of the mass |
| Mass | Polyphonic choral composition made up of five sections: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. |
| Josquin Desprez | Master of renaissance music (masses, motets, & secular voice pieces) & contemporary of Leonardo da Vinci & Christopher Columbus. Worked for Louis XII of France |
| Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina | One of the most important Italian Renaissance composers who devoted himself to music for the catholic church |
| Kyrie | Has a rich polyphonic texture. It is written in 3 sections |
| Madrigal | Composition for several voices set to a short secular poem, usually about love, combining homophonic and polyphonic textures and often using word painting; common in Renaissance music. Originated in Italy around 1520 |
| Maddalena Casulana | 1st female composer to have her works printed |
| Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa | Infamous for killing his wife and lover after finding them together in bed |
| Thomas Weelkes | One of the finest English madrigalists & is an organist and church composer. Created As Vesta Was Descending |
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