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CAD
Question | Answer |
---|---|
nonmodifiable CAD risk factors | age, gender, ethnicity, family history, genetic predisposition |
modifiable CAD risk factors | elevated serum lipids, hypertension, tobacco use, physical inability, obesity, second hand smoke |
contributing risk factors- modifiable | diabetes, metabolic syndrome, psychologic states (type A, depression), homocysteine level, substance abuse |
nursing management - physical activity | FITT formula- 30 mins most days plus weight training 2 days a week - helps reduce systolic BP |
nursing management - nutritional therapy | decreases saturated fats and cholesterol, increase complex carbs and fiber, decrease red meat, egg yolks and whole wheat products, increase omega 3 fatty acids (tofu, canola), decrease salt intake |
angina | condition caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, chest pain that can radiate |
chronic (stable) angina | occurs intermittently, and predictable, occurs with stress or physical activity - may see T-wave inversion on EKG, subsides after stopping the precipitating factor, not stabbing but just a pressure |
treatment of chronic stable angina | aspirin, nitrates, beta blockers, statins, CCB |
unstable angina | symptoms occur more frequently and last longer than stable angina, pain occurs at rest , ST elevation |
treatment of unstable angina | rest and nitro, drugs affecting platelets, revascularization |
variant angina (Prinzmetals) | pain at rest, no increased physical demand, strong spasm of smooth muscle, ST elevation |
angina lab tests | hemoglobin (12-18), hematocrit (37-52), cholesterol levels (less than 200), CK (22-198), CKMB (4-6%), troponin (<0.5), myoglobin |
angin diagnostic study | chest x-ray, 12-lead EKG, echo, cardiac catheterization, stress test |
post cardiac catheterization | bed rest, HOB no higher than 30 degrees, monitor for bleeding, monitor pulses, antiplatelet drugs after procedure |