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Chap15Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| base of the heart | broadest part |
| apex of the heart | loudest beat, fifth intercostal space |
| pericardium | sac around the heart, anchor to chest wall |
| endocardium | thin, inside layer smooth to prevent clotting |
| myocardium | thickest working layer |
| epicardium | thing layer or epithelial cells, outside |
| 2 atria | top, pumps within heart |
| 2 ventricles | bottom, pumps outside of heart |
| left ventricle | highest pressure, does most work |
| superior and inferior vena cava | deoxygenated blood |
| pulmonary artery | carries deoxygenated blood to lungs |
| pulmonary veins | oxygenated blood from lung |
| aorta | largest artery, oxygenated blood to whole body |
| heart valves | prevent backflow |
| what causes the lub dub sound? | valves snapping close |
| sa node | pacemaker of the heart, primary |
| normal sinus rythum | must go in order; sa node, av node, purkinje fibers |
| disrythmia | sinus rhythm out of order |
| systole | contraction |
| diastole | relaxation |
| cardiac output | blood pumped in 1 min |
| heart rate | BPM |
| stroke volume | blood ejected by ventricle |
| what is important to have good circulation? | clean and open veins |
| preload | tension in ventricular muscle before it contracts |
| contractility | force of ventricular ejection occurs |
| afterload | force the heart must work against |
| how to calculate cardiac output? | heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output |