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Module 4B - Cells
Second Half Module 4 - Cell Structure and Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fluid mosaic model | says that the plasma membrane is composed of a mosaic of components (mainly phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol) that are free to move fluidly within the plane of the membrane |
| Phospholipid | a lipid in which one of the faty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a hydrophilic phosphate group |
| Hydrophilic | attracts water molecules |
| Hydrophobic | lacking any affinity to water; from the Latin meaning “water-fearing” |
| Semipermeable membrane | a membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through |
| Solute | a dissolved substance |
| Solvent | any substance in which other substances are dissolved |
| Solution | a mixture of solutes dissolved in a solvent |
| Aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the solvent |
| Passive transport | movement of molecules through the plasma membrane without the need of energy input |
| Active transport | movement of molecules through the plasma membrane aided by a process that requires energy input |
| Concentration gradient | the difference in the concentration of like molecules in two areas, like on each side of a plasma membrane |
| Diffusion | the random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (with a concentration gradient) until its concentration becomes equal throughout the area (reaches equilibrium) |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to low water concentration (high solute concentration) |
| Concentration | a measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent |
| Hypotonic solution | a solution that has a low solute concentration (and so a high water concentration) relative to another solution |
| Hypertonic solution | a solution that has a high solute concentration (and so a low water concentration) relative to another solution |
| Isotonic solution | a solution that has the same solute concentration (and water concentration) relative to another solution |
| Plasmolysis | collapse of a walled cell’s cytoplasm due to a lack of water |
| Cytolysis | the rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure |
| Facilitated diffusion | the movement of certain molecules across a cell membrane through protein channels from high concentration to low concentration |
| Endocytosis | the process of moving particles into the cell by means of vesicles forming from the cell membrane |
| Exocytosis | the process of moving particles out of the cell by means of vesicle membranes fusing with the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | from the Roman “cell-eating”; the endocytic process by which a cell engulfs large, solid particles or cells |
| Pinocytosis | from the Roman “cell-drinking”; the endocytic process by which a cell absorbs extracellular fluid containing dissolved particles |
Created by:
MelRodriguez
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