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bowel elimination

ati skills module

QuestionAnswer
enema introduction of fluid into the rectum for cleansing of the colon
enema is effective for removing feces or flatus or to instill nutrients or medications * cleansing is most common type and is a treatment for constipation
carminative soultion or return flow ( flush) emena does what relieves gaseous distention and stimulates bowel function
before administering an enema, how do you position a client? on their left side in left side lying position or left lateral position with the right knee flexed * allows the solution to flow downwards by gravity along the curve of the sigmoid colon and rectum
when inserting the enema tube the tip should be pointed in the direction of the umbilicus
length in which the enema tube is inserted for adults 3-4 in
length in which the enema tube is inserted for adolescent 3-4 in
length in which the enema tube is inserted for child 2-3 in
length in which the enema tube is inserted for infant 1-15 in
if you feel resistance or the client reports pain when inserting the enema tube.. stop and ask them to take a deep breath and instill a small amount of fluid * relaxes the sphincter or soften the stool enough for the tube to be inserted
why is it important to not administer more than three enemas? to reduce the risk of fluid or electrolyte imbalances
when the cleansing enema is instilled, the bowel wall is stretched which .. stimulates peristalsis
peristalsis may be stimulated by irritaing the mucosa of the colon
solutions used for cleansing enemas are tap water, normal saline and soapsuds solution
how long do cleaning enemas take for an effect? 10-15 mins
0.9% sodium chloride is a isotonic solution, so it doesn't pull electrolytes from the body or shift fluids in or out the colon * reduces risk of electrolyte imbalance and fluid volume excess or deficit
children are at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance so.. they should only receive normal saline enemas
tap water enema should not be repeated, why? it can lead to water toxicity or circulatory overload
hypotonic solutions ( tap water ) cause what cause water to move from the colon to the interstitial space
hypertonic solutions ( sodium phosphate) do what pull fluid from the interstitial space to the colon
soapsuds enemas act by stimulating peristalsis thru intestinal irritation
when mixing soapsuds enemas .. 5 mL of castile soap is added to 1 liter solution * any harsher soaps can cause bowel inflammation
soapsuds enemas should be used cautiously in .. pregnant clients and older adults because it can lead to electrolyte imbalance and damaged intestinal mucosa
oil retention enema ( small volume ) is administered to lubricate the rectum and colon and is administered at room temp. * min of 30 minutes to work
commercially prepared small volume hypertonic solutions enemas take 5-10 mins to work * administered at room temp
return flow or flush enemas are administered to expel intestinal gas
return flow or flush enemas involve instilling large volume of fluid in small increments which is.. 100 to 200 ml at a time * the back and forth motion of repeating this helps increase peristalsis and relieve flatus
neomycin is a medicated enema that is used to reduce bacteria in the colon before bowel surgery
enema containing soduim polysteryrene sulfonate is administered to.. treat clients who have high serum potassium levels
what are the contraindications for enemas? include intracranial pressure, glaucoma and rectal/prostate surgery
how high should the enema bag be raised when administering a large volume cleansing enema? hold or hang no higher than 45 cm( 18 in ) above level of the anus
Created by: saharmahmoud
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