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FCAT Sci Vocabulary
Words for Science FCAT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an environmental factor not associated with living organism | Abiotic |
| velocity/time; rate of change in velocity, usually expressed in meters per second squared | Acceleration |
| the extent to which a measurement is near the standard or expected value | Accuracy |
| a particular change in a population of organisms, in response to changes in the populations | Adaptation |
| force of air on moving objects | Air Resistance |
| any alternate form of a gene that an organism may have for a particular trait | Allele |
| in any periodic function (e.g., a wave) the distance between the position of rest and the highest point of a wave. | Amplitude |
| new individuals are formed without the involvement of gametes (ie, budding) | Asexual reproduction |
| the layers of gas that surround Earth, other planets, or stars | Atmosphere |
| the smallest unit of matter | Atom |
| the imaginary line on which an object rotates (runs through Earth between the North Pole and the South Pole) | Axis |
| the existence of different species in a given area or specific period of time | Biodiversity |
| factors in an environment relating to living organisms | Biotic |
| unit of energy; the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure | Calorie |
| animal or plant that consume or obtains nutrients from animals; meat-eater | Carnivore |
| the force on an object toward the center of the circle | Centripetal Force |
| a physical change that occurs when matter changes to a liquid, gas, or solid | Change of State |
| a change in a substance that results in producing a different chemical | Chemical Change |
| the breakdown of rocks as a result of chemical processes | Chemical Weathering |
| connection of electrical elements forming a complete path for the flow of current | Circuit |
| all the populations belonging to different species and sharing the same area | Community |
| a substance made up of at least two different elements held together by chemical bonds | Compound |
| the relative amount of a particular substance | Concentration |
| the process of changing from a gas to a liquid | Condensation |
| direct heating; the transmission of heat through a medium and without the motion of the medium | Conduction |
| controlled use and/or maintenance of natural resources; efforts to preserve or protect those resources. | Conservation |
| a fundamental principle stating energy cannot be created or destroyed but only change form | Conservation of energy |
| the principle that mass cannot be created or destroyed | Conservation of Mass |
| a star pattern identified and named as a definite group; usually thought of as forming certain shapes or figures in a specific region of the sky | Constellation |
| an organism that feeds on another organism for food | Consumer |
| heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another | Convection |
| the peak or highest point on a wave | Crest |
| outermost layer of Earth covering the mantle | Crust |
| any organism that feeds or obtains nutrients by breaking down organic matter from dead organisms | Decomposer |
| concentration of matter of an object; number of individual in the same species that live in a given area; the mass per unit volume of a substance in a given area | Density |
| factor being measured or observed in an experiment | Dependent Variable/ Responding Variable |
| layering matter in a natural process | Deposition |
| the bending of a wave around an obstruction | Diffraction |
| tendency of certain alleles to mask the expression of their corresponding alleles | Dominance |
| shaking of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy in the crust | Earthquake |
| an ecological community, together with its environment, functioning as a unit | Ecosystem |
| the relative effectiveness of a system or device determined by comparing input and output | Efficiency |
| the emission of the entire range of electromagnetic spectrum including: gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, microwaves, and radio waves | Electromagnetic Radiation |
| a stable elementary particle that is negatively charged and orbits the nucleus of an atom | Electron |
| a substance that cannot be reduced by chemical means | Element |
| a quantity that describes the capacity to do work; a source of usable power | Energy |
| diagram that compares the amount of energy available at each position, or level, in the feeding order | Energy Pyramid |
| a change of energy from one form to another (e.g., mechanical to electrical, solar to electrical) | Energy Transfer |
| a measure of randomness or disorder of a closed system | Entropy |
| the sum of conditions affecting an organism, including all living and nonliving things in an area, such as plants, animal, water, soil, weather, land forms, and air | Environment |
| an imaginary circle around Earth’s surface located between the poles and that divides the Northern and Southern Hemispheres | Equator |
| the wearing away of Earth’s surface by the breakdown and transportation of rock and soil | Erosion |
| the process by which a liquid is converted to its vapor phase by heating the liquid | Evaporation |
| a procedure that is carried out and repeated under controlled conditions in order to discover, demonstrate, or test, a hypothesis; includes all components of the scientific method | Experiment |
| transfer of energy through various stages as a result of feeding patterns of a series of organisms | Food Chain |
| the interconnected feeding relationships in a food chain found in a particular place and time | Food Web (cycle) |
| a quality that tends to produce movement or acceleration of a body on the direction of its application; a push or pull | Force |
| a whole or part of a plant or animal that has been preserved in sedimentary rock | Fossil |
| the remains of animals or plant from past geologic ages that are now in a form suitable for use as an energy resource (e.g., oil, coal, or natural gas) | Fossil Fuels |
| the number of cycles or waves per unit time | Frequency |
| a force that opposes the relative motion of two material surfaces in contact with one another | Friction |
| the pivot point of a lever | Fulcrum |
| a large collection of stars, gases, and dust that are part of the universe bound together by gravitational forces | Galaxy |
| one of the fundamental states of matter in which the molecules do not have a fixed volume or shape | Gas |
| a force of attraction between two masses | Gravitation |
| the observed affect of the force of gravitation | Gravity |
| a place in an ecosystem where an organism normally lives | Habitat |
| a form of energy resulting from the temperature difference between a system and its surroundings | Heat |
| an animal that feeds on plants | Herbivore |
| cell or organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait | Heterozygous |
| cell or organism that has identical alleles for a particular trait | Homozygous |
| A type of rock formed from molten or partly molten material that cools and hardens | Igneous Rock |
| a type of simple machine; a slanted surface that makes it easier to move a mass from a lower point to a higher point | Inclined Plane |
| the factor that is changed in an experiment in order study changes in the dependent (responding) variable | Independent/ Manipulated Variable |
| the property of an object, due to its mass, by which it resists any change in its position unless overcome by force | Inertia |
| a procedure that is carried out in order to observe a response caused by a stimulus; not a complete experiment | Investigation |
| the energy possessed by a body because of its motion | Kinetic Energy |
| a type of simple machine; consists of a rigid bar that pivots about a fulcrum, used to transmit and enhance power or motion | Lever |
| the entire sequence of event’s in an organism’s growth and development | Life-Cycle |
| electromagnetic radiation that lies within the visible range | Light |
| one of the fundamental states of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape | Liquid |
| having the property of attracting iron and certain othermaterials by virtue of a surrounding field of force | Magnetic |
| the region where magnetic force exists around magnets or electric currents | Magnetic Field |
| the amount of matter an object contains | Mass |
| a solid, liquid, or gas that possesses inertia and is capable of occupying space | Matter |
| the process of nuclear division in cells during which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half | Meiosis |
| It forms because of extreme changes caused by heat, pressure, or chemical environments | Metamorphic Rock |
| relating to an object too small to be visible without the use of an instrument used for enlargement | Microscopic |
| a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells during which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes | Mitosis |
| the product of a thorough blending of two or more substances, not chemically combined | Mixture |
| the smallest unit of matter of a substance that retains all the physical and chemical properties of that substance; consists of a single atom or a group of atoms bonded together | Molecule |
| a natural satellite that revolves around a planet | Moon |
| indicates the fraction of the Moon’s disc that is illuminated as seen from Earth | Moon Phase |
| periodic rise and fall of sea-level that occurs twice-monthly when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are at right angles to each other | Neap Tide |
| a particle, object, or system with no a net charge | Neutral |
| a subatomic particle having zero charge, found in the nucleus of an atom | Neutron |
| a substance & or material that can only be replenished over millions of years; cannot be reused (i.e., fossil fuels) | Nonrenewable Resource |
| a cell structure that contains the cell’s genetic material; also the center region of an atom where protons and neutrons are located | Nucleus |
| a depression on the surface of Earth occupied by water | Ocean Basin |
| a structure containing different tissues that are organized to carry out a specific function of the body | Organ |
| any living thing that shows the characteristics necessary for life | Organism |
| a chemical process by which plants trap light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates (sugars) | Photosynthesis |
| a reaction; a change in matter from one form to another, without forming new substances | Physical Change |
| a large body in space that orbits a star and does not produce light of its own | Planet |
| theory in which Earth’s crust is divided into sections whose movements cause seismic activity (i.e., earthquakes, volcanoes) along their borders | Plate Tectonics |
| any alteration of the natural environment producing a condition harmful to living organisms; may occur naturally or as a result of human activities | Pollution |
| a group of organisms of the same species living in a specific geographical area | Population |
| stored energy; the energy an object has because of its position or structure | Potential Energy |
| an organism that preys on and eats animals; usually an animal | Predator |
| the force exerted per unit area | Pressure |
| an organism caught or hunted for food by another organism | Prey |
| a piece of glass that disperses a beam of white light into its component colors | Prism |
| an organism that makes its own food from the environment | Producer |
| unicellular organisms belonging to the Kingdom Protista | Protist |
| a subatomic particle having a positive charge and which is found in the nucleus of an atom | Proton |
| a type of simple machine; circular lever used to change the direction of a force | Pulley |
| a graphic check board used to determine results from a particular genetic cross | Punnett Square |
| emission of energy in the form of rays or waves | Radiation |
| an allele for a trait that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for this trait | Recessive |
| the bouncing off of light, sound, or heat from a surface | Reflection |
| a change in the direction of a wave that occurs as it passes from one medium to another of different density | Refraction |
| a material or substance that is replaced or restored, as it is used, by natural processes in a reasonable amount of time | Renewable Resource |
| any material that can be used to satisfy a need | Resource |
| a plan of inquiry that uses science process skills as tools to gather, organize, analyze, and communicate information | Scientific Method |
| a type of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder | Screw |
| formed from layers of sediment that overlay and squeeze together or are chemically combined | Sedimentary Rock |
| involves the union of gametes producing an offspring with traits from both parents | Sexual Reproduction |
| a star and all planets and other bodies that orbit it; the region in space where these bodies move | Solar System |
| having a definite shape and a definite volume; one of the fundamental states of matter | Solid |
| a mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase | Solution |
| an instrument that uses a prism to separate and catalog light wavelengths | Spectroscope |
| amount of distance traveled divided by time taken; the time-rate at which any physical process takes place | Speed |
| increased range of the rise and fall of sea level that occurs twice monthly at when the Earth, moon and sun are aligned | Spring Tide |
| a large, self-luminous body held together by gravity and powered by thermonuclear reactions | Star |
| the closest star to Earth and the center of our solar system | Sun |
| a set of objects, organisms, or different parts acting to form a whole | System |
| internal energy found by adding the kinetic energy of particles making up a substance | Thermal Energy |
| similar cells acting to perform a specific function; four basic types are muscle, connective, nerve, and epidermal | Tissue |
| the surface, shape, and composition of a land area | Topography |
| the motion of an organism or part of an organism toward or away from an external stimulus | Tropism |
| the lowest point on a wave | Trough |
| the total sum of all matter and energy that exists | Universe |
| an event, condition, or factor that can be changed or controlled in order to study or test a hypothesis in a scientific experiment | Variable |
| the time rate at which a body changes its position vector; quantity whose magnitude is expressed in units of distanceover time | Velocity |
| a repetitive movement around an equilibrium point | Vibration |
| a non-cellular, disease-causing particle that uses the genetic material from its host to reproduce | Virus |
| a vent or fissure in Earth’s surface through which magma and its associated materials are expelled | Volcano |
| a measure of the amount of space an object takes up; also the loudness of a sound or signal. | Volume |
| the path it takes as it is being cycled through the environment, including condensation, evaporation, and precipitation | Water Cycle |
| the distance between crests of a wave | Wavelength |
| the natural processes that break down and change rock into soil, sand, and other materials | Weathering |
| a type of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane used to separate two objects | Wedge |
| a type of simple machine, a circular frame or disk revolving around a central axis | Wheel and Axle |
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