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7Sci Chapter 16 Sec2
Genes & DNA - How DNA works
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is a string of nucleotides that has instructions for a certain trait called? | a gene |
How many bases code for one amino acid? | three |
In what type of mutation is one base left out? | deletion |
What is an example of a tobacco plant with a firefly gene that makes it glow? | genetic engineering |
As messenger RNA is fed through the ribosome it is matched with what? | transfer RNA |
What is the first step in making a protein? | RNA copying DNA |
What is the type of mutation where a base is added to the gene? | insertion |
How can you use DNA to identify who committed a crime? | DNA fingerprinting |
What are some genetic disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, due to? | a mutation |
What determines how tall you grow and whether your hair is curly or straight? | proteins |
Which item is genetic engineering NOT currently used for? | to create natural gas |
What does each gene have instructions for making? | a protein |
Where does messenger RNA go? | to a ribosome |
Which type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia? | substitution |
What is the first step of protein production? | RNA making a mirror-like copy of a DNA sequence |
If a scientist was trying to find out if a certain person had Benjamin Franklin as an ancestor what would he/she most likely use? | DNA fingerprinting |
What is it called when scientists transfer genes from one organism to another? | genetic engineering |
What are sequences of base pairs that are copied incorrectly called? | mutations |
What is an example of chemical mutagens? | asbestos and chemicals found in cigarette smoke |
What is a DNA sequence that reads ATTGCCGAT that after being copied reads ATTGCCCGAT an example of? | insertion |
What is a DNA sequence that reads ATTGCCGAT that after being copied reads ATTGCCAT an example of? | deletion |
What is a DNA sequence that reads ATTGCCGAT that after being copied reads ATTGCCCAT an example of? | substitution |
What causes substitutions, insertions and deletions? | mutagens |
What are three types of mutations? | insertions, deletions and substitutions |
What is a mutation? | a mistake in the DNA code |
What are some causes of DNA mutations? | UV radiation, cigarette smoke or X-rays |
What is the function of the ribosome? | In the ribosome the mRNA code is translated into proteins |
What is the relationship between genes and proteins? | A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein |
A set of 23 chromosomes in a human cell contains 3.2 billion pairs of DNA bases in sequence. How many pairs of bases are in each chromosome? | about 139 million |
In which cell might a mutation be passed from generation to generation? | A germ cell (sperm or egg) because these are the genes from which a new organism is formed |
How is genetic engineering different from natural reproduction? | Genetic engineering is deliberately controlled by humans, and may involve processes that are rare or impossible in nature |
What is the most likely consequence when an error is made in copying DNA? | the error will be caught and corrected by specialized proteins within the cell |
What is messenger RNA? | ribonucleic acid that copies DNA and goes to the ribosome |
What is a ribosome? | a cell organelle where protein is synthesized |
What is transfer DNA? | a type of RNA that delivers amino acids to make a protein |
What is substitution? | the form of mutation where one base is replaced by another kind |
What is RNA? | a molecule that makes a mirror copy of sections of DNA and helps make proteins |
What is thymine? | the base complementary to adenine |
What are proteins? | what scientists may produce through engineering that will help people with diseases |
What are amino acids? | what transfer RNA molecules pick up and match up with messenger RNA |
What is ribosome RNA? | the "factory" that creates new proteins |
What is transfer? | the RNA that translates the messenger RNA message |
What is messenger RNA? | the RNA that is a copy of part of a DNA strand |