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7Sci Chapter 16 Sec2
Genes & DNA - How DNA works
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a string of nucleotides that has instructions for a certain trait called? | a gene |
| How many bases code for one amino acid? | three |
| In what type of mutation is one base left out? | deletion |
| What is an example of a tobacco plant with a firefly gene that makes it glow? | genetic engineering |
| As messenger RNA is fed through the ribosome it is matched with what? | transfer RNA |
| What is the first step in making a protein? | RNA copying DNA |
| What is the type of mutation where a base is added to the gene? | insertion |
| How can you use DNA to identify who committed a crime? | DNA fingerprinting |
| What are some genetic disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, due to? | a mutation |
| What determines how tall you grow and whether your hair is curly or straight? | proteins |
| Which item is genetic engineering NOT currently used for? | to create natural gas |
| What does each gene have instructions for making? | a protein |
| Where does messenger RNA go? | to a ribosome |
| Which type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia? | substitution |
| What is the first step of protein production? | RNA making a mirror-like copy of a DNA sequence |
| If a scientist was trying to find out if a certain person had Benjamin Franklin as an ancestor what would he/she most likely use? | DNA fingerprinting |
| What is it called when scientists transfer genes from one organism to another? | genetic engineering |
| What are sequences of base pairs that are copied incorrectly called? | mutations |
| What is an example of chemical mutagens? | asbestos and chemicals found in cigarette smoke |
| What is a DNA sequence that reads ATTGCCGAT that after being copied reads ATTGCCCGAT an example of? | insertion |
| What is a DNA sequence that reads ATTGCCGAT that after being copied reads ATTGCCAT an example of? | deletion |
| What is a DNA sequence that reads ATTGCCGAT that after being copied reads ATTGCCCAT an example of? | substitution |
| What causes substitutions, insertions and deletions? | mutagens |
| What are three types of mutations? | insertions, deletions and substitutions |
| What is a mutation? | a mistake in the DNA code |
| What are some causes of DNA mutations? | UV radiation, cigarette smoke or X-rays |
| What is the function of the ribosome? | In the ribosome the mRNA code is translated into proteins |
| What is the relationship between genes and proteins? | A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein |
| A set of 23 chromosomes in a human cell contains 3.2 billion pairs of DNA bases in sequence. How many pairs of bases are in each chromosome? | about 139 million |
| In which cell might a mutation be passed from generation to generation? | A germ cell (sperm or egg) because these are the genes from which a new organism is formed |
| How is genetic engineering different from natural reproduction? | Genetic engineering is deliberately controlled by humans, and may involve processes that are rare or impossible in nature |
| What is the most likely consequence when an error is made in copying DNA? | the error will be caught and corrected by specialized proteins within the cell |
| What is messenger RNA? | ribonucleic acid that copies DNA and goes to the ribosome |
| What is a ribosome? | a cell organelle where protein is synthesized |
| What is transfer DNA? | a type of RNA that delivers amino acids to make a protein |
| What is substitution? | the form of mutation where one base is replaced by another kind |
| What is RNA? | a molecule that makes a mirror copy of sections of DNA and helps make proteins |
| What is thymine? | the base complementary to adenine |
| What are proteins? | what scientists may produce through engineering that will help people with diseases |
| What are amino acids? | what transfer RNA molecules pick up and match up with messenger RNA |
| What is ribosome RNA? | the "factory" that creates new proteins |
| What is transfer? | the RNA that translates the messenger RNA message |
| What is messenger RNA? | the RNA that is a copy of part of a DNA strand |
Created by:
masonteach
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