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Cell Cycle

TEKS B.5B Cell cycle, cell division, mitosis.

TermDefinition
Cell cycle Series of stages that occur in a cell as it grows and divides to produce new daughter cells .
Stages of cell cycle Interphase and cell division (Cell division is also know as M phase).
Interphase During interphase cell increases in size (Growth), carries out its normal activities, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division.
Stages of interphase G1: First gap phase. S-Phase: Synthesis phase. G2: Second gap phase.
G1 Cell increases in size and makes the mRNA and proteins needed for DNA replication.
S-Phase Also known as Synthesis phase: DNA replication, in eukaryotic cells chromosomes are duplicated.
G2 Cell continues growth and prepares for cell division.
Cell division Also known as M-Phase, is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
Stages of cell division Mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis Cell nucleus (Containing the replicated DNA) divides in two equal parts (Nuclear division).
Prophase Chromatin condenses into distinct chromosomes. Nucleolus disappear indicating that the nucleus is about to break down. Microtubular spindle fibers start to form. Centrosomes move to opposite poles.
Metaphase Spindle fibers organize the chromosomes in the equator of the cell.
Anaphase Spindle fibers attached to chromatids, sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cells. Cell elongates.
Telophase Two new nucleic form.
Chromatin A complex of DNA and proteins, making up chromosomes.
Chromosome A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protein.
Sister chromatids One half of a duplicated chromosome, held to its other half at the centromere. Two identical copies of the same chromosome.
Cytokinesis During cytokinesis the cell cytoplasm divides and two new daughter cells are produced.
Parent cell Cell that divides and produces two daughter cells.
Daughter cells New cells that are formed after cell division.
Spindle Is an assembly of a bipolar microtubules in the cytoskeleton that are crucial for segregation of the chromosomes into the two daughter cells during mitosis.
Nucleolus A specialized spherical structure in the nucleus, the site of synthesis and ribosome assembly.
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